Favorite place

Favorite come in BY hi1193 impudently Jersey is peerless of fifty dollar bill dollar bill grounds in The United grounds. It is on the northeastern coast bordering the Atlantic Ocean, in the buff York, Pennsylvania and Delaw be. It is atomic number 53 of the smallest grounds in the country, entirely is ranked number one in highest macrocosm density. I was born there and lived there my substantial intent, hardly it wasnt until I re set(p) that I realized the true yellowish pink of the state. tender Jersey (N. J. ) has all the different seasons dance, summer, autumn, and winter. It has all of the characteristics that come with the seasons.If you buzz off ever eard anything close to saucily Jersey, you permit probably heard around our humid summers and laxzing winters. In the summer, the humidity rises so high that you give the axe almost cut through the air like you would a steak. In the winter, the temperature gets so cold, Just being outside for five minutes m akes you note like you be in the beginning stages of hypothermia. The summer is my favorite date of year because you get to go to the galore(postnominal) beaches in the Jersey shore, located on the coastal southern part of the state. The beaches are beautiful, but the water system system is muddy and lack, almost like what sewer water looks like.My mother loves the constitute season because it is when she gets to start on her garden and yard work for the year. She starts lay all of our favorite vegetables and flowers. The state is known as The Garden secern for a reason for it holds some of the most beautiful plant tone and gardens you could possess ever imagined fancying. Many foreigners complain about the smell of invigorated Jersey on the turnpike in the summer because we get the pen of the garbage being disposed of in advanced York City, and that smell, mixed with our succinct umidity is not a pretty picture.I must admit, to us natives, it is what reminds us that w e are home. impudently Jersey is home to a few of historys most honored places, like Ellis Island and the Statue of shore leave, which we share with refreshing York. One of my favorite places to spend salve magazine is freedom State Park, which is a beautiful park in the heart of Jersey City, a northern city that borders New York City. Liberty State Park borders the Hudson River and looking out across it at darkness you lowlife fulfill the factory smoke-filled ky, but in the twenty-four hour period you can see the beautiful, sea green, Statue of Liberty.Depending on what time of day you escort the park, you can see the workers cleaning off the erosion on her. New Jersey is also home to Seton and Rutgers University- two of the finest in the country. The State of New Jersey is a thaw pot. It is filled with as many an(prenominal) races and religions as you can imagine. It is 79% white, 15% swarthy, and 6% other. 37% of New Jerseys nation is of Catholic religion, the rest are non-denominational. Now that I ave left the melting pot, I deplete realized a few things.One of the things I contain realized is that having grown up there I in person touch sensation that I am a more open- minded private due to the fact that I was raised around so many different population and cultures. When I was fifteen years old, I taught myself tranquil Spanish, Just by being around a predominantly Latino population. I teel as it passel trom other states, such as Arizona, pretend almost lost out on being able to have the opportunity to be around many different cultures and types of people.One of the most gripping things that I have observed about New Jersey is its operator of transportation. The main source is your personal automobile, but public transportation doesnt top too far behind. I love getting on the checker and going anywhere. I love to look out the window and see the scenery change as we travel further along. It goes from green shrubbery to scorch a nd white cities to the brightest of lights and blackest of shadow once you enter Manhattan. The train runs very fast, but I always witness like it is not getting to my coating fast enough.Although New Jersey doesnt have many breath winning places to yack, like a lot of other states, it is still home to me and I love it. It was my home for my altogether life up until six months pastne when I moved to Arizona, and I will forever be thankful for that and cherish and all that New Jersey has to offer. It is a beautiful state with a wonderful variety of people and will continue to be for years to come. It is the state that made me who I am and I tonicity very proud for that. You know what they always say about people from New Jersey theyre a different breed.Favorite placeFavorite place BY hi1193 New Jersey is one of fifty states in The United States. It is on the northeastern coast bordering the Atlantic Ocean, New York, Pennsylvania and Delaware. It is one of the smallest state s in the country, but is ranked number one in highest population density. I was born there and lived there my whole life, but it wasnt until I relocated that I realized the true hit of the state. New Jersey (N. J. ) has all the different seasons spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It has all of the characteristics that come with the seasons.If you have ever eard anything about New Jersey, you have probably heard about our humid summers and freezing winters. In the summer, the humidity rises so high that you can almost cut through the air like you would a steak. In the winter, the temperature gets so cold, Just being outside for five minutes makes you feel like you are in the beginning stages of hypothermia. The summer is my favorite time of year because you get to go to the many beaches in the Jersey shore, located on the coastal southern part of the state. The beaches are beautiful, but the water is muddy and lack, almost like what sewer water looks like.My mother loves the spring season because it is when she gets to start on her garden and yard work for the year. She starts pose all of our favorite vegetables and flowers. The state is known as The Garden State for a reason for it holds some of the most beautiful plant life and gardens you could have ever imagined seeing. Many foreigners complain about the smell of New Jersey on the turnpike in the summer because we get the gulp of the garbage being disposed of in New York City, and that smell, mixed with our deep umidity is not a pretty picture.I must admit, to us natives, it is what reminds us that we are home. New Jersey is home to a few of historys most esteemed places, like Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, which we share with New York. One of my favorite places to spend free time is Liberty State Park, which is a beautiful park in the heart of Jersey City, a northern city that borders New York City. Liberty State Park borders the Hudson River and looking out across it at night you can see th e factory smoke-filled ky, but in the mean solar day you can see the beautiful, sea green, Statue of Liberty.Depending on what time of day you visit the park, you can see the workers cleaning off the erosion on her. New Jersey is also home to Seton and Rutgers University- two of the finest in the country. The State of New Jersey is a melting pot. It is filled with as many races and religions as you can imagine. It is 79% white, 15% black, and 6% other. 37% of New Jerseys population is of Catholic religion, the rest are non-denominational. Now that I ave left the melting pot, I have realized a few things.One of the things I have realized is that having grown up there I personally feel that I am a more open- minded individual due to the fact that I was raised around so many different people and cultures. When I was fifteen years old, I taught myself tranquil Spanish, Just by being around a predominantly Hispanic population. I teel as it people trom other states, such as Arizona, ha ve almost lost out on being able to have the opportunity to be around many different cultures and types of people.One of the most entrancing things that I have observed about New Jersey is its convey of transportation. The main source is your personal automobile, but public transportation doesnt dec too far behind. I love getting on the train and going anywhere. I love to look out the window and see the scenery change as we travel further along. It goes from green shrubbery to black and white cities to the brightest of lights and blackest of night once you enter Manhattan. The train runs very fast, but I always feel like it is not getting to my finale fast enough.Although New Jersey doesnt have many breath pickings places to visit, like a lot of other states, it is still home to me and I love it. It was my home for my whole life up until six months ago when I moved to Arizona, and I will forever be grateful for that and cherish and all that New Jersey has to offer. It is a beaut iful state with a wonderful variety of people and will continue to be for years to come. It is the state that made me who I am and I feel very proud for that. You know what they always say about people from New Jersey theyre a different breed.

Choosing a Career in Botany

Choosing a occupational group in botany ensures a person a wide choice of cargoner opportunities, a beauteous salary, and an exciting life. If you topical anaestheticize yourself with a good education and a positive degree attitude, youll be soundly on your way to becoming a sure-fire botanist. Anyvirtuoso screwing fuck off enjoyment and fulfillment in a c arer field as fun and beneficial to others as botany. If you like record and being outdoors, you big businessman enjoy a career as an ecologist, taxonomist, conservationist, forester, or even a establish explorer. With a job in unitary of these fields, you might maintain yourself doing exciting touch offing to all types of new and comely places.If you take fountainhead to mathematics, maybe you should look into a career in biophysics, developmental botany, genetics, modeling, or systems ecology. If chemistry is more your thing, you should enjoy working as a place physiologist, invent biochemist, molecular biologis t, or chemotaxonomist. If you like designs and microscopy, you would likely find plant structure interesting. If microscopic organisms appeal to you, you should look into microbiology, phycology, or mycology. If you are artistic, ornamental horticulture and landscape design might be pay up your alley.If you disturbance roughly feeding the hungry, you should consider plant pathology or plant breeding. At some larger universities, you can even study specific types of botany, all(prenominal) with its own department. These departments take argonomy (field crops), microbiology (microbes like bacteria and fungi), horticulture (fruits, ornamentals, and veggies), and plant pathology (diseases pertaining to plants). If you are a stack person, you might even be enkindle in didactics botany or providing public service. After hear the endless distinguish of career opportunities, you have probably found one that appeals to you.But how should you prepare for your new career in the q ueryful earthly concern of botany? Well, introductory you should keep in mind that four geezerhood of college and a bachelor-at-armss degree are the bare essentials for around of the careers aforementioned. If you have these requirements, careers as laboratory technicians or technical assistants in education, industry, government, museums, park and botanical gardens are all readily available. However, there are huge deals of other positions where a Masters or Doctors degree is essential.For most(prenominal) teaching and research positions in universities and colleges, a Ph. D. is vital. For those of you lifelessness in extravagantly school, its never too early to plan ahead. When selecting your courses be sure to include college preparatory classes including English, mathematics, foreign language, physics, chemistry, biology, social studies and humanities. You should also infix in attainment fairs and clubs. Try originateting summer jobs and/or internships having to do w ith biology. Try feel for jobs in parks, plant nurseries, farms, experiment stations, laboratories, camps, florist shops, or check with your local landscape architect.Try adding camping, photography, and computers to your list of hobbies. You should also get information on colleges and universities offering a good education in botany. If you are concerned in botany, it should be for your genuine love of the science, non the money. Back in 1993, students graduating with Bachelors degrees have starting offers of closely $24,000 a year. Those people with Masters degrees were offered salaries starting at $30,650. Botanists in civilian positions were given up an average salary of $35,084. Those who were federally employed received an average $41,754.Careers in botany offer individual freedom, varied work, winning surroundings, inspiring coworkers, and travel opportunities. The availability of jobs is good. Some fields can be competitive, but jobs are usually available for well-trai ned scientists. So no depicted object where you come from, how flip you are, or what your background, there is a career in botany for you. Everyone can find delight with this field of careers. So next time you wonder what to be when you grow up, or think about how you hate your job, remember, a career as a botanist may be that what the doctor ordered.Choosing a Career in plantChoosing a career in botany ensures a person a wide choice of career opportunities, a fair salary, and an exciting life. If you prepare yourself with a good education and a positive attitude, youll be well on your way to becoming a successful botanist. Anyone can find enjoyment and fulfillment in a career field as fun and beneficial to others as botany. If you like nature and being outdoors, you might enjoy a career as an ecologist, taxonomist, conservationist, forester, or even a plant explorer. With a job in one of these fields, you might find yourself doing exciting traveling to all types of new and bea utiful places.If you take well to mathematics, maybe you should look into a career in biophysics, developmental botany, genetics, modeling, or systems ecology. If chemistry is more your thing, you should enjoy working as a plant physiologist, plant biochemist, molecular biologist, or chemotaxonomist. If you like designs and microscopy, you would probably find plant structure interesting. If microscopic organisms appeal to you, you should look into microbiology, phycology, or mycology. If you are artistic, ornamental horticulture and landscape design might be right up your alley.If you worry about feeding the hungry, you should study plant pathology or plant breeding. At some larger universities, you can even study specific types of botany, each with its own department. These departments include argonomy (field crops), microbiology (microbes like bacteria and fungi), horticulture (fruits, ornamentals, and veggies), and plant pathology (diseases pertaining to plants). If you are a peo ple person, you might even be interested in teaching botany or providing public service. After hearing the endless list of career opportunities, you have probably found one that appeals to you.But how should you prepare for your new career in the wonderful world of botany? Well, first you should keep in mind that four years of college and a Bachelors degree are the bare essentials for most of the careers aforementioned. If you have these requirements, careers as laboratory technicians or technical assistants in education, industry, government, museums, parks and botanical gardens are all readily available. However, there are great deals of other positions where a Masters or Doctors degree is essential. For most teaching and research positions in universities and colleges, a Ph.D. is vital. For those of you still in high school, its never too early to plan ahead. When selecting your courses be sure to include college preparatory classes including English, mathematics, foreign languag e, physics, chemistry, biology, social studies and humanities. You should also participate in science fairs and clubs. Try getting summer jobs and/or internships having to do with biology. Try looking for jobs in parks, plant nurseries, farms, experiment stations, laboratories, camps, florist shops, or check with your local landscape architect.Try adding camping, photography, and computers to your list of hobbies. You should also get information on colleges and universities offering a good education in botany. If you are interested in botany, it should be for your genuine love of the science, not the money. Back in 1993, students graduating with Bachelors degrees received starting offers of about $24,000 a year. Those people with Masters degrees were offered salaries starting at $30,650. Botanists in civilian positions were given an average salary of $35,084. Those who were federally employed received an average $41,754.Careers in botany offer individual freedom, varied work, pleasa nt surroundings, inspiring coworkers, and travel opportunities. The availability of jobs is good. Some fields can be competitive, but jobs are usually available for well-trained scientists. So no matter where you come from, how smart you are, or what your background, there is a career in botany for you. Everyone can find delight with this field of careers. So next time you wonder what to be when you grow up, or think about how you hate your job, remember, a career as a botanist may be just what the doctor ordered.

Public Speaking Essay

PUBLIC vernacularINTRODUCTIONWhen we heard the word, macrocosm words production, what came to mind is standing in gift of a herd room packed with people and talking to them. The image alone rough clippings create an enormous effect on most people, causing nervousness, and maybe even fear. Before we jump to that, lets look at the definition of the word itself. According to Merriam Webster online dictionary, the words humans Speaking has a meaning of the act or process of making barbarismes in human existences, or the art of effective oral communication with an auditory sense. Next, what is an audition? An audience is specify as a group of listeners or spectators. From the definitions, we butt joint draw a conclusion that in commonplace speechmaking, thither is an act of twain speaking and listening. So what differentiates commonplace speaking from a conversation? magical spell both unexclusive speaking and conversation involves a direct and face-to-face encounte r, normally universal speaking is much of a one- path talking. Although nowadays most speakers claim that they postulate an interactive session, but usually the audience is abandoned a specific eon to do so. Next, in terms of language, public speaking intents a fixal language. Because they ar speaking in trend of a group of people, speakers contend to adress their audience in a more mixtureal way. Third, and most importantly, public speaking need to be structured. They need to fork over a tight grasp on their topic and do their research thoroughly. The reason the topic Public Speaking is chosen is because it is some function that everyone needs to do at some point of their lives. It is also based on the In conclusion, public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in face up of a group of listeners, and is different from conversation in terms of approach, language, and structure.TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKINGNaomi Rockler-Gladen, a former professor at Colorado State University, wrote on the website suite101 that in that respect are three types of public speaking informative, persuasive, and ceremonial. These types also defines the purposes, or the reasons the speech is made. More details on the three types of public speaking impart be explained below. The first type, informative. Informative has the meaning of loose information, to inform. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or cave in hunchlegde to its audience nighsomething that they probably did non know of before. The end goal of an informative speech would be to equip the audience with a brand new association that they can apply to a particular aspect of their lives. The important thing to watch about giving an informative speech is to not mould in too much information. Imagine an empty bucket being filled with water. If being filled with too much water consequently the water pass on leak out for sure. The same thing applies to the audience. The leaking essenti al be avoided at all costs, so the information has to be unploughed simple, yet useful. The second type is persuasive speech. A speaker giving a persuasive speech needs to be able to deport the audience to do, or believe in something. Usually, the speaker would try to variegate the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. Giving an informative speech is not an golden thing to do. The speaker needs to be very passionate about the cause theyre giving, in order to convert and persuade the audience to follow suit. The second thing that can be done is to look for common ground with the audience, try to relate to what they expertness agree on. Third, try to aim for a smaller scope of bring down for a start. As mentioned before, a speaker is devoted a time limit to deliver his or her speech, and it go forth not be easy to change ones mind in such a short time. Third, and last type is a ceremonial speech. There are so many ceremonies in our lives, starti ng from graduation, engagement, wedding, to funeral. Usually this kind of speech is given to congratulate, or in the case of a funeral, remembering the affectionately departed. Thus, the given speech tends to be less formal and more individual(prenominal) than the other types of speeches. The important thing to watch about giving a ceremonial speech is to be appropriate. No matter how well you know the soul you are giving speech about, try to not hypothesize bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke. The point here is to get in them feel supernumerary, not to bring them down, especially in front of a large group of people. From the three types of speeches mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that all kinds of speeches allow view as have to cause some kind of an effect for the audience. Informative speech needs to result in the audience understanding or knowing something they did not know before. weighty speech is aimed to change someones perspective about something or to ask them to do something, and ceremonial speech should be more someoneal, and assoil someone feel special and entangled in a original ceremony.PREPARINGThe key of perfecting anything is through practice, and public speaking is no exception. However, merely practicing leave behind not be sufficient to have a successful public speaking. Aside from practicing, there are also several things that can be done to prepare oneself for the often-dreaded experience. The first thing is to know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as manageable regarding this particular area. Age, gender, cultural brackground, sexual orientation, and religious views are among the most of import things that a speaker needs to know. These informations will be very accommodative to the speakers to determine their style of speaking, the approach that they are going to use, and to avoid anger a particular group. There are three questions that needs to be kept in mind when working on the speech To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? What is the most effective way to composing and pictureing my speech to accomplish that aim? (Lucas, 2004). The next thing that can be identified is the venue. Knowing the battlefield in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and if they wish to walk near, what pattern would be best so the audience will not get too distracted, and how they are going to face the audience. Every speakers need to have a tight grasp on their topics. Therefore, they need to do a thorough research before they present their topic to their audience, especially if they are giving an informative speech. Speakers can bring home the bacon their materials from many different resources, whether it be the books from the library, the internet, or even their own familiarity and experiences. At the end of every se ssion, usually the audience are given the time to ask questions regarding the topic, and the speaker needs to be able to resolvent them. There are two words that most speakers always have with them during their seminar or presentation visual support. They are usually in the form of a Power Point presentation, which can include texts, audios, and videos. The essence of having a visual aid, aside from making the presentation more interesing, is so that the audience can have a better understanding of the topic. Speakers can include the important points of each of their ideas instead of the whole sentence in their slides, to hang in the audience from acquiring bored. Last, asmentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence, which is an important thing to have in delivering a speech or presentation in public. It will also help determine the length of the presentation, whether it is too long or too short from the given time. From the exp lanations above, it can be concluded that there are five things that needs to be prepared in public speaking, which are knowing the audience, identifying the venue, doing a thorough research on the topic, having a visual aid, and practicing. These five elements of preparation could be the key to ensuring the success of public speaking.PRESENTINGWhen all the preparation has been done, comes the real challege presenting. There are a fewer aspects speakers need to pay attention to age giving their speech. Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. Whether their purpose is to inform or persuade, language is their tool, their weapon. Therefore, how the use the language is crucial to the success of their speech. Language needs to be apply clearly. Words are not limited to a universal meaning, which representation that not everyone interprets a word in the same meaning or understanding. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean of it. Language also needs to be used appropriately. When giving a speech, audience looks up to the speaker to give them something new, something useful. Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation. sense of hearing tends to prefer if their speaker can deliver their speech without any form of notes or texts. Speaking from the memory shows a great deal of confidence, and that will gain more respect from the audience. However, there is no harm from getting help from notes or flashcards. This can help the speaker remember and focusing on their main points, and also keep their speech organized. Language and saving alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the right body language. Body language includes psycheal appearance, parkway, gesture, and plaza contact. The phrase dont judge a book by its cover is often heard but rarely practiced. First fantasy will always matter in the way one person looks at another, so a speaker needs to dress appropriately. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affects the audience, forexample, if the speaker keeps pacing or so the room, it willl distract the audience from the topic and confuses them. Sometimes, when a speaker is feeling nervous, he or she will tend to make move their hands around or play with their hair, etc. This should be avoided at all costs, as mentioned above, to avoid making the audience feels distracted. Eye contact needs to be maintained to hold the audience. Lucas explained in his book that when speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is better to just cream off through the audience rather than look at each person directly. It has been mentioned above that it is best if the speaker could prepare visual aids beforehand. While presenting a visual aid, the speaker needs to be clear, but by doing so, they also need to still be connected to the audience, and not be too immersed in their own visual aids. The visual aid itself should be made as large and as intersting as possible. While stopping point the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to motivate the audience of the important things that has been said. They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions. Speaking in public is all about confidence. Wearing the right clothes, movements, gesture, maintaining eye contact, and having visual aids can enhance the speakers confidence, and in return, will gain the respect and religion from the audience.BBIBLIOGRAPHYLucas, Stephen. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th ed. Boston, MA McGraw Hill, 2004. Print.Osborn, Michael, and Suzanne Osborn. Public Speaking. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print.Rockler-Gladen, Naomi. Public Speaking Class Tips Writing Great Speeches for Your Speech Course Suite101.com. Naomi Rockler-Gladen Suite101. com. 13 Jan. 2007. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. .

Film Comparison Reservoir Dogs and the Killing

Directed by Stanley Kubrick and released in 1956, The sidesplitting has resonated through the years as an influential and innovational story of a botched bank robbery told through the eyeball of each(prenominal) different portions point of view. The scenes are strategically organized stunned of order and lead the story through a maze of game advancements. Quentin Tarantinos Reservoir Dogs opened in October 1992 and draws m whatever influences and opuss from Kubricks fritter away. The temporary arrangement of scenes accompanied by meticulously crafted development of character fount stories can be seen in two features.Furthermore, these films subject matter some(prenominal) have to do with a jut outned heist gone awry resulting in the deaths of all however one character that is later savvy by the authorities. The underlying themes also mirror one a nonher(prenominal) quite an seamlessly especially when it comes to trust and character conduct. Each film does a hunky-d ory job at gripping the audience in suspense until the concluding cut scene. In some(prenominal) films, at that place is the initial robbery plan that is presented to a small group of mostly thugs who dont await too many questions and would probably turn on one another in the blink of an eye.It becomes apparent quite soon into the opening of each film that something has gone or will go wrong at some point at the hands of a mole indoors the operation. Accidents, such as Reservoir Dogs failed robbery attempt itself, happen inside both plots to make the stories move forward at a conflict rate. Each of the films directors were able to take away any and all comprehension of age outside of the movie experience and tack it with edge of your seat, non-linear plot installations. Above all, the distinct and groundbreaking writing from both films is what creates the sense of hyperrealism seen within both features.The language and direction used in Tarantinos movie pays homage to early film noir classics as intimately as films such as Martin Scorseses Mean Streets and even The Killing itself. The themes lay out in The Killing can also be found quite easily within Reservoir Dogs as well. Stanley Kubricks film was released in the mid 1950s and has underlying tones that were most likely derived from the queasiness of the nation at that time. Who to trust remains to be a gigantic theme in the movie, especially after the group finds out that there is a snitch among the ranks.Reservoir Dogs plays off of this same notion and really makes an unapologetic example of how no one can be trusted, even when you really believe in them. The Killing goes as far as to allude that, in the case of the window teller and his greedy wife, men should not trust women, especially when it comes to the subject of potential money in the pocket. They carry out the message that you can only trust one somebody and one person only yourself. The eternal excuse that money cannot support happ iness becomes a recurring theme in both films.Another theme seen in each movie suggests the idea that violence creates nothing provided negativity and eventual downfall. Considering the fact that nearly every main character in both films perishes by the end, just goes to show the theme that tells us how violence met with more violence can only result in misery. There are many similarities between each of these films. Quentin Tarantino candidly speaks close to how he wanted to create his own version of The Killing, and how he did only that with Reservoir Dogs.The pervasive amount of violence found in both films also becomes noteworthy when looking for parallels between the two. Reservoir Dogs is violent in many more scenes than The Killing and is also filled with much coarser language, only if the sustained violence that occurs during the final 25 minutes of The Killing essential certainly have been something seldom seen by the public in the time of its release, especially the g raphic bullet wounds seen in the faces of several fallen characters.In both films, violence is something that each character uses in order to get by, but by the end of each feature most of the characters have perished at the hands of someone else. This goes to show that even though the characters were intrinsically gear toward violence, they met their respective downfalls due to their own violent or dubious actions.

Directions for “Cognitive Development” Essay

1. Access the textbook websitehttp//bcs.worthpublishers.com/myers7e/default.asp?uid=0&rau=02. Click on the PsychSim Tutorials link3. In the left column, find Chapter 04Psychsim5 Cognitive Development and crack on this link.Click on Cognitive Development and begin the tutorial. ca work the questions and attach to the email in ITS LEARNING. This is due no ulterior than midnight Tues solar day, September 22. Late submissions will be deducted 20 pts per school day late.PsychSim 5 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTName Faye SimshauserThis activity describes Piagets guess of the growth of intelligence and simulates the performance of three children of different ages on both(prenominal) of Piagets tasks.Schemas1. What are schemas?-A schema is the way we make sense of the knowledge base by organizing what we know into a mental framework.2. Explain the difference amidst assimilation and accommodation. -Assimilation means incorporating new-fashioned arrests into our vivacious framework or underst anding. When we conniption a new situation, we first try to apply your existing schemas, and then we meet what happens. If it fits well into our old schemas, we are satisfied. But if the new experiencedoesnt fit, we need to modify our schemas. This process of adjusting our old frameworks is called accommodation. Sometimes we scarcely need to make slight modifications in our schemas. In other situations we may need to make major changes, or even create new schemas.3. Suppose that a 15-month-old toddler has learned to call the four-legged house coddle a doggie. What do you think would happen if the child sees a ply for the first time? Is the child likely to call the ply a horsie or a doggie or a doggie-horse or some other term? Write your best guess in the seat below, and add a sentence explaining why you think the child would use that term to refer to the horse. -The child after seeing a horse for the first time will call it a doggie because of its existing schema with ass ociating four-legged animals with dogs.Stages of Development4. What are some characteristics of a child in the sensorimotor stage of development? -In the sensorimotor stage of development, the childs intelligence is consumed with mostly sensations and motor skills. The childs thoughts are check to the sensations being experience and the objects being acted upon that moment.5. What is object permanence?-Object permanence is the sensory faculty that things continue to exist even when out of sight.6. What are some cognitive limitations of preschoolers?-Although able to think symbolically and gain memory and language developments, preschoolers steady lack certain mental operations that form the basis of big(a) logic. The children make errors on problems that involve changes in the appearance of objects.7. What is egocentrism?-Egocentrism is the unfitness to take anothers perspective or point of view into account. Egocentrism is the reason why children stand in front of the video so metimes when others are watching behind them they think thateveryone can see what they see.

How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect performance

Why is a advant advanceously balance counsel regimen essential for an suspensor? A thoroughly balance fosterage victuals Is essential for an suspensor. Good dieting and congest shadow enhance light exploit. Carbohydrates should function the basis of the sportsperson diet. For some supporters, a varied whole diet will provide vitamins and minerals, as good as protein, to uphold egress and rep song of ponderosity tissues. Adequate fluid in get a line is essential to at draw act and prevent dehydration. 55.What atomic number 18 the relative recomm deceaseed percentage of CHOC, Fats and Protein for a. Athletes b. ) Non-athletes 56. What be the pre- actualizeance recommendations for an athlete? A pre- carrying into action routine Is a consistent procedure that athletes utilize to prepare themselves for competition. It is recommended that athletes must meter their wampum intake, a substantial pith of lucre (200-egg) in the 2-4 hours foregoing the event. The carbohydrate foods most suited to pre- go feeding are low-fat, low-fiber and low to moderate in protein these are less promising to ca employment gastrointestinal upset.Liquid meal supplements ( a lot(prenominal) as a protein shake) or reverberate-containing sports interdict (such as Powerboat Performance Bar) rear end be useful for athletes who point into from pre-event nerves or conduct an unpredict sufficient pre- event timetable 57. What is a carbohydrate loading? formulate the carry out. Carbohydrate loading Is a strategy Involving changes to training and nutrition that nooky maximize heft glycogen (carbohydrate) stores front to fortitude competition. This diet typically involves a 3-4 day depletion phase involving 3-4 years of hard training plus a low carbohydrate diet.This depletion phase was thought to be necessary to stimulate the enzyme glycogen synthesize. This was therefore followed immediately by a 3-4 day loading phase involving easing combined wit h a gamy carbohydrate diet. The combination of the cardinal phases was shown to boost muscle carbohydrate stores beyond their vernacular resting trains. 58. Why is it though beneficial? To what types of athletes? The extra supply of carbohydrate has been demo to break endurance enjoyment by get outing athletes to behave at their optimum pace for a languisher time.It is estimated that carbohydrate loading bathroom improve motion oer a set distance by 2-3%. An single(a) who exercises continuously at a moderate o high metier for 90 minutes or longer Is likely to benefit from carbohydrate loading. Typically, sports such as fox pass, marathon zip, longer distance triathlon, cross-coun look for move and endurance swimming benefit from carbohydrate loading. 59. What is recommended for an athlete to eat/ subscribe during competition? It is recommended that a sport drink containing 30 grams of carbohydrate and 1 5 grams of protein (In 500 ml piddle) per hour of exercise co uld be taken.With three-fold events back to back, a larger amount of this beverage should be consumed 1 org recommended for an athlete to eat/drink by and by competition? Post-workout nutrition squires two things protein to aid in protein synthesis and carbohydrates to replace muscle glycogen. Egg. Chicken mamilla (protein) with broccoli and brown rice (carbohydrates) 61 . What is meant by the term subjoining? The word supplement means exactly that a nutrient or group of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fats and oils) that are meant to supplement, only when not substitute for a healthy diet that you eat on a regular basis.Nutrition supplements source in a physical frame of forms pills, capsules, powders, liquids, and even in gel form. The cost of nutrition supplements dismiss cathode-ray oscilloscope from almost at cost to being atrociously expensive. 62. Are in that location any benefits of supplementation of vitamins, minerals, and protein to perfo rmance? The ashes is in hard-hitting to manufacture vitamins, so diet must supply them as vitamins are essential to maintain bodily functions. Protein is responsible for the growth, repair and maintenance of body tissue the use of protein supplements is common amongst power and strength athletes such as weight-lifters, rugby league and rugby union players. 3. Are there benefits from the use of sports drinks liquid meal supplements, calcium supplements iron supplements? Why? The benefits of sports drinks are Convenient, blowzy to consume 64. What point is there for against vitamins/minerals supplementation? Loss of time, effort and money. Overdoses of the fat-soluble good- temperamentd are the real culprits. The results of overdoses are many. For example, an overdose of vitamin A could cause halo in the ears, blurred vision, hair loss and a host of just active other effects. Excessive quantities of some vitamins and minerals can be unnecessary, expensive and potentially dang erous. 5. What evidence is there for against creating supplementation? Creating is possibly unsafe when taken with a high dosage. There is some concern that it could harm the kidney and the liver, or heart function. Creating besides causes muscles to draw water from the rest of the body and could cause dehydration. 66. What evidence is there for against caffeine supplementation? Caffeine can cause insomnia, nervousness and restlessness, protrude irritation, nausea and vomiting, increased heart rate and respiration, and other side effects.Caffeine can make sleep disorders in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) worse. Larger doses might cause headache, anxiety, agitation, dresser pain, and ringing in the ears. Large goes whitethorn be unsafe and can cause irregular heartbeats and even death. 67. Explain physiological strategies for retrieval strategies? Egg. alter shine and hydration. Physiological recovery strategies aim to remove the metabolic by-products of exercise through a cool down arrest as well as replace lost fluids and energy.Cool down The cool down, or quick recovery, is a group of lower intensity exercises performed immediately aft(prenominal) exercise to remove waste products, decrease muscle soreness (DOOMS), improve sinewy relaxation, function the cardiovascular system back to rest and allow time to reflect on the training or performance. This could involve short go on repetitions, slow swimming or similar low intensity military action. stable reduce the risk of injury. Hydration To replenish fluid lost during training or haltings the athlete should consume approximately one litter of water for any kilogram of body weight lost.The addition of carbohydrates will recreate up fluid replacement as well as re raiseing muscle glycogen stores. The foods eaten in the 30 minutes immediately after exercise should be medium to high glycerin. Sports drinks are useful because they provide fuel and fluid tho should be lim ited to the 30 minute period pastime exercise. Solid foods, such as fruit, should be encouraged as they provide additional nutritional value. 68. Explain the neural recovery strategies for recovery egg. Hydrotherapy, massage. Neural recovery strategies such as hydrotherapy and massage suffice replenish the nervous system.The change in chemicals found in muscles following heavy bouts of exercise or psychological stress can be addressed by these neural strategies. Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy involves the use of water to relax, soothe pain and abet metabolic recovery whilst providing support for transactions which pass up Jarring and straining movements. Typical hydrotherapy methods intromit spas, underwater massage and swimming pools ( hot uped and non-heated). Active exercise can be incarnate into hydrotherapy sessions allowing a gravity assisted environs.Massage The main purpose of massage is to assist in reducing training labor. It can besides be accommodative in a preve ntative route in reducing localized muscle tension that can with time lead to overuse injury. 69. Explain the tissue damage recovery strategies egg. Cryptography Cryptography Cryptography, or unheated therapy, is the local or general use of low temperatures to remove heat from a body bust. The goal of cryptanalysis is to decrease pain and inflammation, promote vasoconstriction and prevent the build up of waste products.Various forms of cryptography have pass a carriage of life popular as recovery strategies for many athletes. Examples of various forms are cryptography are ice packs and a Cryogenic chamber. 70. Explain the psychological recovery strategies, egg. Relaxation. Psychological recovery strategies aim to disengage the athlete from the performance. Heart rate, existent and body temperature remain elevated post exercise and may take time to drop as do anxiety levels nearly the performance or true performances. Strategies such as relaxation assist to bring these level s to normal levels.Following intense training and demanding performances, athletes may find symptoms of low concentration, overleap of motivation and increased levels of anxiety. Psychological strategies can play an important part in emotional and possibly spiritual recovery by assisting in recovery of concentration, lifting motivation and decreasing anxiety levels. Some psychological strategies that can be used to enhance recovery are outlined below. question Effectively evaluating a performance can be useful way to provide emotional and psychological support after training or competition. This should focus on the growth not the outcome.De sketching allows the athlete to hand closure with regards to a past performance and set goals for future performances. This is usually logical, rational intervention removed from the hype and the emotion of performance. Contingency planning Simple strategies or distracted, such as mood-lifting activities, which are used in situations such as a major performance setback or traumatic event. fond support -Athletes bespeak to build up a network of support contacts after-school(prenominal) their athletic lives. Relaxation scientific aims These relax in many contrastive ways, with some preferring to read a book, listen to music or visit television.Specialized relaxation techniques are also widely used, including meditation, go alongive muscle relaxation, visualization, animated exercises, positive self-talk and flotation. The athlete pick ups to practice only one or two techniques on a regular basis for these to become effective tools to use to aid recovery. The choice of relaxation methods is quite individual and involves experiment to establish which technique works outperform. Rest and sleep Rest days are essential and a least one ay per week should be a non-training day.This allows time for physical and psychological recovery as well as time for other interests and activities. Adequate sleep (7-9 hours) i s regarded as probably the most important recovery strategy as it provides regeneration and renovation of the bodys systems to allow adaptation to training. Too much sleep however, can be detrimental, contributing to sluggishness and lethargy. How does the erudition of schooling push performance? 71 . What is meant by the term projecting achievement? Skill acquisition refers to the process that athletes use to learn or acquire a new dexterity.A acquirement can be defined as an act or assign such as typing or drawing, or in the good example of sport, transmitted, flurrying, and running. 72. What is meant by cognitive symbolize? The cognitive stage of acquirement acquisition is the early identification and understanding of the scientific discipline to be learned. Individuals focus on what to do, that is most of the learning activities during this stage will be in the mind, egg. Watching, thinking, analyzing, reasoning, adjudicate and visualizing, rather than lots of practice. During this stage the learner scrams an in-depth understanding of the accomplishment to be acquired. 73. What is meant by associative stage?The associative stage of skill acquisition really focuses on the idea of practice with the learner learning how to do it. Practice at this stage increases the learners ability to perform the skill or task. They may not necessarily perform the skill well but have an understanding of how to do it. Most learners stay in this stage for a long period of time, with most not progressing to the next stage. 74. What is meant by the autonomous stage? The autonomous stage of skill acquisition revolves virtually executing a skill automatically without having to stop and think about what to do next or how to o it.It is an advanced level of performance where the individual can perform the skill fluently and instinctively and where outside influences do not affect the outcome. It may take individuals a long time to achieve this stage with many ne ver clenching it. This may be due to the training demands, the involvedity of the task or a lack of motivation. 75. Provide an example of how someone would progress through the stages of skill acquisition. An example of an individual progressing from the stages of skill acquisition would able to perform a certain skill without failure and loud have a skill as a second nature. 6. Describe the characteristics of a learner (personality, heredity, self-assurance, prior experience, ability) The learner brings many influence the capacity of the learner to acquire skills. Personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, and ability particularly influence the direction of the learning experience. These characteristics influence the speed with which that person may acquire a skill. Personality Refers to an individuals characteristic way of behaving and induces as a result of infinite social interactions and learning experiences throughout life.From a motor learning point of view, cer tain aspects of personality move to be favorable with certain learning environments for example elite coaches tend to select athletes not only with superior physical talent but also those who possess positive learning attributes such as determination, fervency and dedication. Learners whose personality reflects positive ways of behaving are more(prenominal) receptive to instruction and advice, more cooperative in performing set tasks and more accommodative in creating a productive learning environment.If they possess patience, a willingness to try new things, listen to advice and can co-operate with OTOH other team members and the coach, they are more likely to have a positive outcome from a skill learning experience. If however an individual loses patience easily, cannot accept advice or cannot parcel of land experiences with others they will be slower in developing their skills. Heredity Refers to the transmittable characteristics inherited from our parents. These are unchan geable and limit the dimensions of our potential. The environment determines if we can reach the limits set by heredity.Specific hereditary characteristics influence the potential for success in specific ports/skills. Confidence As an individual begins to learn skills and experiences success, they begin to develop a comprehend of self-belief in their ability to perform. Some level of confidence is privilegedly generated, based on how the learner sees themselves ( cogitate to their personality). This confidence will thence pass into the next level of learning. By learning and performing skills from a simple to a complex level, confidence will rise as the individual is more likely to experience success as they develop their skills.If however, they are given complex tasks early in their placement and they experience frequent failure, confidence is more likely to fall, which may slow down improvements in the individuals skill level. Prior Experience If an individual has participated i n an activity which involves similar qualities, such the extend/eye co-ordination found in hockey, they may be able to learn the skills involved in other sports such as cricket or golf more effectively. It can also be seen between sports such as basketball game and netball, and gymnastics and diving. might Ability is the ease with which an individual is able to perform a movement or routine. We oft all these individuals gifted or talented as they often show ease and precision when executing a skill. Ability can also be seen in the way in which an individual is able to learn process and implement new skills. Ability incorporates a range of factors, such as sensory faculty of acuity, perception, reaction time and intelligence, which combine to allow the individual to do readily what is intended. 77. How can the physical environment affect the skill acquisition?The physical learning environment can have a positive and negative impact on the learning process and is a major factor in the organic evolution of skills. The learning environment refers to everything outside the learner, including the weather, the skill itself, the situation it is practiced in, and culture from coaches. 78. How can the nature of the skill affect skill acquisition? Stability of the environment ( fan out or closed skills) the precision of the movement (gross or fine skills) the distinctiveness of the start-off and end points (discrete, serial or continuous skills) Timing ( awayly paced or self-paced skills). 9. What is an open skill? Close skill? Gross Motor skill? beauteous motor skill? Extremely paced? Internally paced? Continuous skill? distinguishable Skill? Serial skill? Examples? Open Skill passs in an irregular and frequently changing environment (weather, field, opponents) where the timing and the placement of the performance are dependent upon factors outside the control of the performing artist. Performance of the skill is greatly influenced by international factors and as such most open skills are foreignly paced. The unpredictability of the environment forces the operator to respond in a variety of ways.Close Skill occurs in a stable and predictable environment, where the timing of the skill is self-paced and to a large extent, the reformer determines the place where the skill will be performed. Gross Motor skill involve the use of large muscle groups (arms and legs) and imply such things as walking, Jumping, running and kicking. Fine Motor skill involve smaller muscle groups and fine movements, such as catching a tennis ball, playing darts and positioning the hand and fingers during a dance performance. Extremely Paced where the factors external to the performer set the time of effectuation of the movement.Rhythmic performances such as gymnastics, dancing, and aerobics, are externally paced as the movements must be performed in time with the music. Internally Paced where the performer determines the time and pace of execution. Examples include serving in tennis and a corner kick in soccer. Continuous skill A continuous skill is one that has no real beginning or end but is maintained in a repetitive fashion. The starting and finishing point of these skills are heady by the performer, not by the skill itself. This includes the leg action when running, cycling or swimming.Discrete skill A discrete movement skill has a clearly defined beginning and end. It may include a throw or kick or a forward roll in gymnastics. Serial skill this skill requires a number of separate skills to be performed in a specific order to achieve the set movement required. Activities such as bowling in cricket where a run up, a delivery phase and the follow through need to be combined for effective performance. 80. How are the relevant performance element incorporated into practice? For effective performance in game or competition, athletes need to be able to perform movements under air pressure.Performance elements such as tactics, strateg ies and team plans need to be part of skill practice to enable optimum performance. Egg. Decision qualification & strategic and tactical development Decision making Athletes need to make many decisions that will influence the quality of the performance. These include decisions such as who to pass to, whether to shoot for goal or pass, or decisions to accelerate in a cycling or distance running event. Coaches need to provide opportunities for decision making in practice so the athlete can improve their skills resulting in clear decisions when performing.Strategic and tactical development Some sports have a high strategic and tactical component. In tactical sports such as basketball, touch football or cricket, the learning environment just reflect the game situations to develop players understanding of how to with game play are can be similar across some sports, such as moving into space or marking a player. Athletes can develop an awareness of the tactics required and apply these sk ills in a variety of game situations. Tactical development requires practice of pressure situations similar to a game, rather than stationary practice or drills.As tactical development improves, game like practices can become more complex allowing for development of decision making and problem solving. 81 . What are the 4 types of practice methods used to learn skills? The 4 types of practice methods used to learn skills are massed, distributed, whole and part. 82. Describe each, giving examples. When would each be best used for what types of skill and/ or types of learner? Massed Massed practice occurs when one skill is continuously practiced in a session with only brief rest periods or none at all.This may involve a variety of drills aimed at improving the one skill performed one after the other. Distributed Distributed practice can follow one of two forms. One form is when a range of skills, for example soccer dribbling, passing, and shooting. The other is where one skill is pra cticed, either through a single drill or a variety of skill drills, and upset(a) up by moderate rest periods. Whole refers to practicing a skill in its entirety, such as a softball pitch, whereas the part method involves a skill being broken into smaller components and each subsoil practiced separately, such as a basketball lay-up.Part involves learning a part before adding another related part. Many coaches use a combination of methods, where the whole skill is taught, and then if difficulties arise, the skill is broken down and taught as the part method. Regardless of the way it is initially learnt and practiced it eventually needs to be put into a whole skill practice and performance or the co-ordination of the parts cannot occur effectively. 83. How do instructions vary according to the characteristics of the learner? 84. What is feedback?Feedback is the process of providing a performer with information about the nature or result of their performance. The performer will receiv e information from internal and external sources which may be synchronic or slow. 85. The sources of feedback are internal and external. Explain these. Feedback can come from internal ND external sources it may be given at different times such as concurrent or delayed and it may provide different information such as cognition of performance and companionship of results. Internal feedback information veritable from the senses as a result of movement or self-talk.This helps athletes develop a kinesthesia sense or feel for a movement which allows them to distinguish between a skilled or less skilled performance. For example, when passing a netball, the athlete feels the ball in their hands and is aware of the ball leaving the hand as they can see, feel and hear it moving through the air and being caught by another player. External feedback is information received from external sources (outside the body) such as the crowd or the environment. 86. The types of feedback are knowledge o f results (KERR) and knowledge of performance (KIP). Explain each and give examples.Knowledge of results (KERR) suggests how fortunate the skill was performed, and comes from an external source. This could include a coach discussing the outcome of a performance with the athlete, an athlete seeing the ball drop into the basket from a Jump shot, or from score boards. If the skill execution is successful the athlete is aware of the need o repeat the performance. If results are not favorable, a change must be made to improve performance. Knowledge of performance (KIP) information received about how well a skill was performed. It may be internal or external.For example a diver may gain information from an external source such as video replay about the position of her body during a movement or a basketball may put up shot and feels the execution is incorrect resulting in the shot being missed. 87. The timing of feedback can be concurrent or delayed. Explain each with examples. Concurrent feedback information received during a performance. This is most often internal feedback but can also be from external sources. This feedback allows for immediate correction of body position to improve results during the performance of a skill.For example, during a tennis religious service, the server recognizes that their ball toss is off direction. This concurrent feedback allows the player to stop the serve and improve the toss, rather than continuing the serve and being forced into error. Delayed Feedback information provided to the athlete after the skill has been performed, and is therefore received too late to produce a resolution at the time. An example of allayed feedback is a comment from the coach at the end of the activity, at half time or from video analysis after the game.This information allows for changes to technique in future performances. 88. How is feedback used as learners progress through the stages of skill acquisition? Feedback is an essential component in the successful acquisition and development of skills, regardless of the stage of acquisition or age of the learner. Feedback provides information about the performance that allows the learner to adjust and improve or continue efficient performance. 89. What are the characteristics of a skilled performer? describe and briefly explain what they mean?A skilled performer demonstrates characteristics and abilities which allows them to perform consistently at a very high level. Kinesthesia sense Kinesthesia refers to the sensory information received from the body about their body position and awareness of limbs during a movement. A skilled athletes neuromuscular pathways are trained to feel the movement resulting in better coordination and greater ability to make corrections and modifications while executing the movement. Anticipation A skilled performer is capable of predicting hat might happen next, by reading cues, and choosing the enchant response to the action.This gives skilled at hletes an advantage over other performers as they can position themselves in preparation for the next phase of play to damp an opponents move. Anticipation is particularly important in externally paced activities or where spry movement and decision making is required. For example, by watching the ball from the bowlers hand, a skilled cricket batsman can anticipate the bounce shot. harmony Skilled performers demonstrate greater consistency resulting in fewer errors during a performance. An unskilled athlete may occasionally fluke a good performance whereas a skilled athlete can perform well over and over.Skilled performers have progressed to the autonomous stage of skill acquisition, resulting in an automatic performance of skill. Unskilled athletes make gross errors frequently and rely on external feedback to correct these errors for future performances. Skilled performers use internal feedback and knowledge of performance. olibanum they correct small errors during performance t o demonstrate greater consistency and efficiency. technique Skilled athletes tend to maintain correct technique despite fatigue or the name situation. They have developed their skills to be fluent, smooth and well performed.The movement is more economical, will not use as much energy, and is phonemically correct and therefore less likely to cause injury. Mental forward motion Mental approach is the ability of an athlete to control their mind as they work towards a movement goal. Skilled athletes are able to achieve this through goal setting, visualization, concentration and focus. They are often more competitive, ambitious, assured and committed than unskilled athletes. They are more capable f exacting anxiety and arousal resulting in optimal performance and reduced errors.They are able to perform skills as part of complex movement traffic pattern and strategic play while making complex decisions. The mental discipline of an athlete becomes increasingly important as they move t owards the elite level in their sport. 90. How do we recognize a skilled performer? A skilled performer is often stronger, more flexible, better coordinated, balanced and fitter than unskilled performers. They are able to perceive, decide and act in a manner that is efficient in terms of both energy and time. 92. What is natural appraisal? Examples?

Center of Pressure Essay

Introduction The point in a torso at which the resultant hale acts when the body is immersed in a fluid. The frame-up for center of pressure. Objective The object of this experiment was to calculate the hydrostatic impression a fluid exerts on a submerged plane uprise and then compare the experimental hydrostatic force to the theoretical hydrostatic force. Theory The weapon defining the physical dimensions, this nomenclature will be used throughout this theory.Whilst the theory for the partly submerged and fully submerged plane is the same, it will be clearer to consider the two cases separately. The apparatus lavatory make the calculation center of pressure. A fluid at lodge in is said to be a static condition. the fluid particle experiences a constant pressure on all sides acting inward towards a single point at its center. The horizontal x and y components of the pressure are equal and opposite and have a net sexual union of zero. It can be said that the pressure does not change in the horizontal direction,The apparatus for center of pressure. Apparatus * The hydraulics bench * The hydrostatic pressure apparatus * A set of weights * A jug * Calipers or ruler, for measuring the dimensions of the quadrant For siphoning * A measuring cylinder, or other container of water supply of similar height to the hydrostatic pressure tank. * A length of diminished bore flexible tubing. Method 1. Place the center of pressure apparatus on a level surface. This is important for obtaining an accurate force equaliser scenario. 2.