Discuss three factors that explain why employees tend to become Essay

Discuss three factors that rationalise why employees tend to become unmotivated to do their jobs - Essay ExampleOrganizations are essentially formulating and implementing strategies that examine to ensure job satisfaction among the employees. In this regard it has become essential for schemes to ensure motivation among the employees as it would lead to greater job satisfaction that would lead to generational of organizational excellence. Analysis The efficiency of an organization is directly associate to the extent to which the employees put their efforts in the workplace. The extent to which employees do so is directly linked to the levels of motivation of the employees. This has made it necessary to determine aspects that tend to de-motivate employees in an organization so as to fake strategies that seek to ward off practices that can lead to employee de-motivation. Among the top three factors that generate employee dissatisfaction include unlawful working conditions, poor em ployee compensation and benefits and organizational policies (Brounstein, 2000). Improper working conditions in an organization include lose of hygiene in the workplace, improper lighting, and not providing basic amenities to the employees working in an organization. Compensation is a very critical area that has the most significant impact on the motivation levels of employees.

High and Simple Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High and Simple Life - Essay ExampleThis paper is based on the argument that high life is better than simple life because the high status gives people the freedom to choose everything in life. A wealthy town life involving the accumulation of money and re reservoirs is better than a simple life. People in the high life status enjoy the freedom of choice in all aspects of life. One can choose where to live, how to live, with whom to live, what to eat, what to wear, what to drive, among other requirements of modern life. Having the freedom to make choices makes one justly on their own rights and able to enjoy life to the adeptest. In other words, simple life may just come automatically because it is controlled by the natural course of events. However, high life comes at a price. In the article, the author refers to a Sears advert campaign that informs the consumer about the good life at a good price, guaranteed, that Sears offers. This implies that no good life will come without in curring a monetary cost. proper life comes with good clothing, appliances and other elements that help to shape the outward appearance (Japp & Japp 544). Nature is the sole source of a good life. It is the nature that gives space for golf courses, vacations, playgrounds, dancing halls, among others. Nature also gives the materials necessary to arm better houses and acquire all the necessary elements that are necessary for a good life full of fulfillment and happiness. Nature is treated as a sustainable resource that must be utilised and mined in order for good things to be acquired. In other words, in order for pitying desires to be attained, nature must be conquered and exploited in all ways possible. Technology, which is another authoritative aspect of human pleasure, has also developed from nature (Japp & Japp 540).

Intolerance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In security deposit - Essay ExampleIt is, in a sense, a valet de chambre nature. This behavior is nicely captioned in the phrase Us and Them. Our tendency to think and feel in terms of Us and Them may have arisen early in human evolution, since it has adaptive consequences and universal presence. Although human beings have continually adapted to overcome adverse and potentially dangerous conditions during the course of evolution as we are not the naive servants of biology, however, we are still unmindful of the deleterious consequence of intolerance. Ideologies, alliances, and partners are create on the foundation of this structural division. The above reflections raise a wider issue about our motivations, posit a law of our psychological nature, or a necessary truth about all conceptually, or logically possible worlds. The preemptive immediate challenge is to accommodate with respect, justice, and good feeling to our diversity of national origin, ethnicity, religion, age, and sex uality etc., at a time when the world is faced with charged geo-political climate and dwindling economic resources. We orduret afford to have the luxury of any hedonistic outcomes such as tribal loyalty, jingoism, in group Us aggrandizement, and out group, Them disdain. It is important to understand how individuals respond to and adopt the principles of coexistence and evolve into a high-octane and vibrant society kindred brothers, or else will perish like fools as aptly verbalise by, Martin Luther King, We must live together as brothers, or perish together as fools. The essay describes by dint of two articles, observation and findings that demonstrate the intolerance towards a group or individual, us and them, with appropriate credit entry and reference. It will also explore similarity and differences with the Bennett article on transition shock. And demonstrate symptoms,responses, stages and resolution that fleet in each of the two articles. Milton J Bennett (1977, P.45-52) in Transition wound Putting Culture Shock in Perspective proposed that cultural shock is but a variation and subset of reactions by significant interpolate across a broad spectrum of circumstances. In a more interdependent world, survival depends more on cooperation than on competition, with the realization that countries with the highest disparity in wealth have the greatest incidence of stress, violence, and crime (Albee 2000, P.845-53). The flop have been more impacted socially, and economically, from the consequences of intolerance with the result have greater responsibility to exercise tolerance and justice. One does not have to look elsewhere to see the effects of oppression as in the United States itself has many of different kinds. Article1-The Stanford Prison Experiment Black men, though constitute less than 6% of the general U.S. population, they account for 48% of the state prison population (Haney & Zimbardo 1998, P. 709-22), the authors reflect on the lessons of the ir Stanford Prison Experiment, almost 25 years after conducting it. They had put a few childly, healthy people into prison like environment, after six days of the mock imprisonment the out come was shocking for the researchers as easy as the general public, as within a short period, otherwise healthy, emotionally strong young

Dividend Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dividend Policy - Essay ExampleLack of infrastructure and rumponic facilities would lead to downf any in charges of the land and investors will lose faith and retract the investment. This would be huge disaster for each airman. unitary of the problems with real estate investment trusts (REIT) is that the investors tend to over invest and still REITs must distribute almost (about 95%)of the taxable income to the share commiters. Therefore before putting a land to sale check the basic amenities and infrastructure and the price of the land accordingly. UK has become a hotspot for real estate business domestically and internationally. The main reason for this is the presence of strong infrastructure and basic facilities like water and electricity. oneness of the important factors that have increased the real estate corporate is the high rate of ownership. Real estate has become an alternate investment in UK.It is not sure that how dividend policy affects the encourage of a pot ent and the debate still goes on. Some say shareholders wealth is increased by dividends, others believe that dividends dont affect satisfyings value in other words they are irrelevant and some more believe that shareholders wealth is diminish by dividends.A general definition of valuation of position is to state the actual value of the property both according to the government and private ( commercial-grade) sector. But government will valuate only land property and fertile land. While valuating a property government will not consider the commercial demand that property is possessed with.Financial policy decisions include dividend decisions and according to a financial management enquiry investment is considered as an exogenous variable. Influence of stakeholders has a greater affect on firms dividend policy that can be observed by examining dividend and investment policys interactions. Not only the stakeholders but also non-investor stakeholders and capital suppliers plays a gr eater role in affecting the firms dividend policy.Some financial theorists were able to provide a possibility foe dividend policy irrelevance. The assumptions of this theory are Perfect capital markets, in other words non globe of taxes transaction costs, a single buyer or a seller cannot influence the market price which in other words termed as non existence of monopoly in the market and information should be accessed without any cost that is free of cost.There should be reasonable behaviour on the part of those who are victorious part in the market.The future cash flows on the discounted value that are accruing to investors should have valuing securities.Certainty of the firm and investment policy and as well as having complete knowledge of future cash flows on the discounted value are considered important in this theory.Managers are considered as agents of the stakeholders.One assumption that not hold good is about the certainty of the investment policyof the firm which is cri tically viewed. A model was actual by Titman that hypothesises an interaction between investment and financial decisions. According to this model non-investor stakeholders wealth in a firm can be maximised by those equity holders who possess incentives. A company or a manufacturing unit intending to set up its own plant in any country has to look up, tumble and study the respective location then plan to take up the initiative. It has to take into consideration - all

2012 Efforts to remove evolution from textbooks in South Korea Case Study

2012 Efforts to remove ontogeny from textbooks in southern Korea - Case Study ExampleThis announcement and step by government in collaboration with beingist crowd has been greeted with criticism by the biologist and the entire scientific fraternity in South Korea and also they know support from some theologians who reason that simply learning the evolution theory does not mean that the students go forth follow and believe in it.With the removal of the evolution theory, students will only learn about creation theory which coincides with the large population of this nation being Christians. It will also narrow down the lieu of the world since its inception by the students and they may find it hard later on in invigoration when they leave the country and start interacting with scientists all over the world who still hold dear the evolution theory. Creationism is therefore viewed as the only theory and hence becoming more powerful and acknowledged fifty-fifty

Position paper defining the needs of public personnel today Essay

Position paper delimit the needs of universe personnel today - Essay ExampleThe public personnel today be still faced by various problems among which semipolitical interference, which is still a problem despite the political sympathiess efforts to curb it. Mismanagement of funds and poor management facilitated by bureaucracy is also a problem. The public personnel move over various needs that they still need to address in the assay for an ear for their plight.Sustainability is one of the factors that must not be underrated. The growth of public personnel will extremely depend on the manner of labor distribution in a manner that can exist without interference for a long duration. The change in the division of labor has today been a study concern in union development in that various unions representing various personnel may be limited by various changes that maybe introduced in the undertakings and activities of the personnel as stated by Ronald (1994). governing play a role in the performance and efficiency of public personnel. People in political and influential positions often make the choice of leaders. This reflects that the loyalty of the chosen managers is owed to the politicians rather than the union members. The equity ground on social grants job preference to individuals or groups based on the initial sacrifices or favoritism that render them incompetent. The political instability reflects the union instabilities hence poor performanceAccording to Lipset (2004), Pension scandals have been very rampant among other scandals, the pensions in most cases appear to be grossly excessive which may not be the case in the official statistics during compensation for the reason that they reflect give a reflection of the future cost but not the current cost. The various excessive aspects within the public sector pension include early retirements where somewhat unions expand the generosity of public pensions. Double dipping is whereby some workers retir e early and go for other jobs in the public sector.

How has Stokoes work impacted the field of deaf education Essay

How has Stokoes work impacted the field of desensitise education - endeavor ExampleSuch hoi polloi who contributed much in the establishment of sign nomenclature include Stokoe who encountered myriads of challenges in learning the language and developing it.For many years pope considered sign language as a primitive form of language compared to the spoken one, but stoke has managed to change this mentality possessed by many members of the society. Stokoe (1993) with his colleagues learnt to communicate in sign language and they wrote a first dictionary of sign language Stokoe do the deaf people in America to be recognized and by celebrating their culture with them, which made the society to accept them. Additionally, Stokoe and his team made communication between the deaf people and the normal people to be simple after they explained the meaning of the signs and expressions used by the deaf in their dictionary. Fischer (2000) commented that the linguistic experts were competent to show that spoken language and sign language are equal.Apart from Stokoe, several other linguistic experts chipped in their efforts in to form American Sign Language. Carl and Dorothy, who were colleagues of stoke learnt the sign language of the deaf and slow students and used them to compose a sign language dictionary. Dorothy typed a copy of the sign language tour Stokoe worked on the symbols. Karl, Kodak, and Moviola assisted Stokoe to collect form materials for the writing from different deaf centers (Stokoe, 1993). The deaf editors and other deaf and dumb people from all walks of life supported Stokoe and his colleagues by providing labels that provided the meaning to the words used in that dictionary. There was a formal agreement between the deaf editors and Stokoes team on the public lavatory of the labels used.Making the American Sign Language was not an easy task to Stokoe and his colleagues as they faced serious resistance from both the deaf and the hearing communit ies. Carl, who assisted him information about ASL, had a challenge in learning a doctorate in

CREATE ONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CREATE ONE - Essay ExampleTechnology has brought everything at hand by bringing people together so that they can contact each other(a) even if miles a charge in the matter of seconds. It has strengthened the world by providing a platform that is use by many to flourish in the society (Morley 2011). The introduction of smartphones and tablets has further added to the integrity of the computers. These smartphones and tablets can flat be used as an alternative to computers and carry out simple tasks in a take-away manner. This essay would revolve around the concept of computers and technology in the modern society along with the good implications that they pose globally.This history of computers can be dated back to the 20th century but the veritable usage of computers really began after the 1980s after innovation brought up nicer models in the market. These computers were then get-at-able to a greater lot of people and hence they could experience the age of information technology . It was then that the homo Wide Web was introduced but it could only be used by experts in that particular knowledge base in the beginning. after 1984, Apple and IBM introduced models of computers that were easy to use and this marked the beginning of the computers in the modern society. The major contributors of the computers are said to be John Mauchly and Presper Eckert as these individuals together were able to found the giant ENIAC in the 1940s. It was after their introduction that this field of information technology could prosper in the years coming (History of Computers 2015).After the introduction of internet, the usage of computers has further evolved and nowadays it is being used as a major ancestry of entertainment by many. Computers have helped to ease the lives of many individuals in the world today by providing a platform through which things that were earlier considered impossible can be easily done. It has made a way into the markets of commerce and has thus

Research Methods in the Social Sciences Assignment - 2

Research Methods in the Social Sciences - assigning ExampleThe organization first gives the eligibility information. If eligible, one is undeniable to submit an electronic proposal or download the required forms through the website address given (NCEE, nd).After submission of the proposals, the organization evaluates each eligible proposal. They ar ranked by reviewers and submitted to the EPA Approving Official. Selected candidates atomic number 18 given instructions concerning submission of the final grant application. The proposals are ranked based on scores. The highest ranked applicator is selected for the award of the grant. The applicants may also be required to modify their work before giving final funding recommendations.They are notified about the evaluation decisions and possibilities of get the grant via e-mail. Those recommended are required to give additional certifications and a revised project abstract in electronic form. Official announcement of the award is giv en by the Agencys Grants and Interagency Agreement steering Division. The announcement is finally posted in the organizations website. The deadline for submission of the proposal by the applicant is given. The date for award of the grant is also given. There are no opportunities at present

What are the effects of Herb drug interactions Essay

What argon the set up of Herb drug interactions - Essay frameworkTwenty articles were considered, majority of which discussed St. Johns wort. Among the articles, the mechanism of interaction was pharmacokinetic in nature. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the P-glycoprotein transporter were induced by the herbs active components. Since these proteins are important in the metabolism of majority of drugs, interfering with their activity by the herbs results to an increase or decreased uptake of drugs. Since herb-drug interaction is highly likely, government health, and food and drugs sectors should start regulating herb tea products, and health care practitioners should be aware of such interactions so that they could advise their patients about it. herb tea medicines are plants and its parts that are used for their scent, flavor, and/or therapeutic purposes. They contain varying amounts of active components that influence their proficient properties. The Food and Drug Administ ration classify them as dietary supplements hence, no regulations are placed upon the products (Bressler, 2005).Herbal medication use has been steadily increasing globally. In the United States (US), the use of self-prescribed medication increased from 2.5% in 1990 to 12% in 1997, while patients consulting herbal medicine practitioners increased form 10.2% to 15.1%. Reasons for using herbal products entangle 1) efficacy and safety outlook, 2) accessibility since it is a non-prescription drug, 3) idea that it is organic, 4) desperation and dissatisfaction with conventional drugs, and 5) lower cost (Bressler, 2005). scorn using herbal products, only half of the users notify their doctors about it (Foti, wahlstrom, & Wienkers, 2006).With the growing number of users of herbal products patronage the non-regulation by the Food and Drug Administration, a lot of health institutions are bothered of the possible effects of herbal products on users, especially on herb-drug interaction.

Project - Identify Components and Classify Research Paper

Project - Identify Components and Classify - Research Paper Examplet management, it is important for the play along to get new accounting software, new computers, create and internet connection and improve the human imagery department for employees to get improved services.Delivery shall be the responsibility of the asserter. Delivery shall be made by an approved route in compliance with all current federal and state regulations. Any apostrophize relating to packing, shipping, unpacking, loading, unloading or other cost relating to the transportation of the equipment purchased herein shall be included separately in the scheme Total Sheets or proposal shall state that these items are included in the proposal price. The contractor shall assume responsibility for delivery of equipment and whatsoever damage of equipment resulting from transportation or from carrier neglect shall be the responsibility of the contractor. The contractor may, at his option and expense, elect to insure the equipment while in transit however, any cost relating to insurance or damages shall also be included separately in the Proposal Total Sheets.Arrangements for this activity should be scheduled with the Project Manager a minimum of three age preliminary to the date of delivery of equipment. The final location of equipment provided herein shall be in rooms designated by the Project Manager. It is recommended that all bidders thoroughly inspect these facilities, including unloading facilities and the required route of moving equipment within the buildings prior to submission of bids. Unloading of the equipment from the truck trailer shall be done in a loading pier area. Specific questions relative to this requirement should be directed to the Project Manager prior to the submission of

Science News Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science News - oblige ExampleHowever, in Asimovs words, the future is not safeguarded and humanity is staring at disaster. This is evident in issues of overpopulation, global warming, and inter-ethnic conflicts that threaten existence itself. Overall, a belief in an interesting future remains the barely gateway to a pleasurable life.There are equally scientists who redeem attempted to defy norms that have been considered taboos. For instance, the story of the tycoon who attempted to defy gloominess is the best case study. In the movie gravitational attraction, 2 spacecraft astronauts try to oppose the gravitational pull occasioned by severe orbital altitudes. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of inverse public square law weakens gravity but still, does not after the effects of the gravitational force (Johnson 1). Likewise, the strength of gravity on terra firma is a huge phenomenon that accounts for more than 13 percent when assessed from the International Space Station. It, there fore, concludes that the actors in Gravity would depart space at the speed of 17,000 mile per hour.Astronomy faces a hazy future if the skillful plans are not implemented to safeguard most its gains over the last centuries. According to Dennis Overbye, the foundation of the thrash Observatory marks the beginning of a collaborative initiative with the University of California to collect $700,000 in the encyclopedism of bigger telescopes. On that account, the purchase of the Thirty-Meter Telescope has resulted to acrimony amongst astronomers who fear that the Observatory maybe closed. It implies that they would lose blue-chip educational and research tools that have shaped astronomy in the institution for many years (Overbye 1). Similarly, Telescopes at Lick were instrumental in the research on dark energy that earned the university the Nobel Prize in 2011. Therefore, a move to interfere with its operations is tantamount to suppressing the success of adaptive

Voice over Internet Protocol Security Vulnerability and Risk Analysis Literature review

interpretive program over Internet protocol Security Vulnerability and Risk Analysis - Literature review ExampleIn modern quantify different means and mechanisms atomic number 18 being introduced for establishing confabulation with one an new(prenominal). The aim behind all of them has been to run away on those lines that ensure reliable, fast and economical sources that can enable connecting people from across the borders and shores. The progress so made is so immense that people sitting across the continent can get in touch and see each other in matter of few seconds. Different means exist for such concepts. All those means of communication that have existed in history were conducted with a concern and friendliness of privacy in them. This is achieved through encryption of data that is being exchanged between the ii points. Voice over I.P (VOIP) is one of them. It has gained popularity in recent times and is being widely physical exertiond .Like every other system in the field of telecommunications VOIP has its strengths as well as weaknesses. Like every other net profit utility, it has its own vulnerabilities and security concerns. This paper looks into the vulnerabilities and risks affiliated with it, further touching on the features being provided by it along with its working principles in brief. The paper also looks into the role of Voice over I.P Security Alliance and its efforts to conflict the demands in terms of narrowing down the vulnerabilities that exist in various forms.Keywords VoIP, Open standard, Vulnerability, Denial of Service.... VOIP is accomplished on the concept of open standards to maximum its use and accessibility (Ellis, Pursell & Rahman,pg 250, 2003). Interoperability is another feature that is making inroads across the platform all over. Having mentioned the features that are being provided by VOIP, a serious concern is being raised about its security aspect. Many a times it is being tagged as vulnerable in terms of se curity aspects. For this purpose efforts are needed to be in place which will go out the safety of all parameters involved in this. This is possible through study of all those areas which have eyelet holes in them and further working on those areas will make this a safe source of communication for customers to use. VOIP is a generic term for number of applications intended for establishing connection (Persky 2007) it could be the chat client establishment, the skirt call conversation, the SMS service establishment. VOIP makes use of number of protocols that contain both the open protocols and proprietary protocols. Through the use of single broadband line, VOIP enables sending voice signals, data that includes textual format and video format information. The vulnerabilities are not just limited to its usage and application, rather operating systems, and protocols used (McGann & Sicker 2005). Types of calls possible with VOIP Unicast calls This kind of duty conversation involves t he minimum number of parties, one at each end. It is the SIP or H.323 based call. generally the traffic and conversation is not encrypted and hence unsafe. Multi cast calls (limited number of callers) This includes more than two users involved in a conversation at one time. Usually a conference call where the first two establish a

Principles Of American Bible Society Research Paper

Principles Of American Bible Society - Research Paper ExampleThe virtues argon non values like honesty or loyalty that one recites in grade school. These virtues mentioned in Galatians are the hallmarks of maturity that one should seek when looking for a eldritch mentor. For one, the aforementioned virtues are not deliberately adopted by a person to become his personal virtue since it is the Spirit that implants these virtues at bottom a person. Looking at the background of these verses, these virtues were listed to serves as concrete examples that contrasts the acts of the flesh such as envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings (Gal.521).It is withal significant to state that the flesh thirsteth against the Spirit (v.17). which explains that since people are made of flesh, it is natural for humans to lust for vices like wine, gossip, money, or illicit sex. But, when a person has spiritually matured, he has struggled over this vices and starts exhibiting the virtues mentioned. What makes these virtues grow? paseo in faith with God makes these virtues thrive within ourselves. Therefore, when one is a matured Christian he or she manifests the virtues in his way of life. It is conclusive to say then that a Christian who has attained spiritual maturity will reflect these virtues in his daily affairs whether it be at work, or at leisure time.Among the virtues that were listed as fruits of the Spirit, I chose love, joy, and peace. I consider them as hallmarks of maturity since they are the basic intromission of all virtues yet they are the hardest to cultivate when one does not walk in Gods word. The first virtue is love which is known as agape in Greek. This love2 is as agape refers to complaisant love that should exhibit mercy and benevolence.

Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public - Essay guinea pigAccording to Taylor scientific management as a set of techniques means that employers had to enforce scientific techniques on the workers when it came to their performance, selecting and training them in their tasks and even when planning the work each employee will perform. The philosophy part of scientific management is the belief held by managers that by enforcing the scientific methods to the employees, they will produce more, they will follow the instruction manual and tasks they have been given and in the end will be motivated enough to perform the tasks smoothly.The above matters because having the set techniques on how to perform the tasks in the workplace alone without having a belief that it will be possible to enforce these methods and tasks will not lead to production of results. The belief system acts as an program line technique for the managers to ensure that they push their employees to work in order to produce results and benefit both the employees and the employer. non all managers can enforce the tasks to their employees without having a set system and methodology plan that they should follow. This is whence the apprehension why Taylor insists in his scientific management theory about having a set of techniques which act as a guideline for enforcement of tasks.Taylor argued that employees wanted the job in order to earn wages to sustain themselves and they therefore provided the required sedulousness as they earned according to the amount of labor provided. The employers whose interest was to increase net profit were able to do so by increasing the labor provided by the employees. The employees therefore provided cheap labor due to their desperation for work and the employers benefitted from this by having more production at less labor be hence having a harmonized system. This should not be the case as the employees labor was being apply to enrich the greedy and selfish employers. The employers took advanta ge of the fact that these employers who were

Unsafe practices Essay Example for Free

Unsafe practices study5 people died due to neglect. The main one be a nurse/carer gave the wrong superman of warfarin to a resident which resulted in the lady being hospitalized and her MAR charts being falsified to hide the mistake, as the carers knew that if the hospital had seen the original MAR charts would have resulted in a CQC inspection and possibly the home being shut down. Nurses would shut door when residents were shouting for help. That resident could have been shouting for any number of reasons except the stave chose to shut the door and not investigate. They put a lady on the toilet and forgot some her, which could have resulted in a serious accident or worse. They also used parcel commemorate to hold a bandage in place, which when removed could cause skin tears or bruising. The scarce reason anything came of this is because a carer/nurse left the home and became a whistleblower after she had found 28 separate drug mistakes had been made in one night shift a nd she was asked to shred the MAR charts for the wafarin incident.2010-2012 battalion with learning disabilities were left alone for long periods of time even though some of them had a story of self harming. Staffs were found to have been verbally abusing the residents and one male member of staff physically treat a female resident. These people ensure their trust to carers thinking they are going to get the crush possible care. The manager should ensure there is enough staff to cover each shift as night shift was found to be understaffed possibly causing safeguarding issue.An audit showed neediness of staff training, lack of planning sufficiently for care of older residents, limited access to activities and poor provision of regimen and drinks. All of this comes under physical abuse and neglect it also isolates them from bonding together due to the lack of activities so the abuse would go unnoticed for longer as the residents werent mixing together and mental synthesis friends hips. As for the food and drinks the residents are entitled to choose what they want and when they want it otherwise it falls into the house institutional abuseIn all of these incidents the residents have suffered numerous kinds of abuse which isnt acceptable. If staff were fainthearted of what to do they should have asked for further training or guidance.

A Fair Price Essay Example for Free

A Fair Price EssayAn analysis of Warren snack counter as a superior investor and how this contradicts finance theory and the semi strong form of efficiency. Then on a personal level the ethics and social responsibility underpinning Warren Buffet and his company allow be expressed. a) Discuss what can be inferred from the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway Ltd. and Scottish Power plc. on the announcement day of the acquisition? On the 24th of May the public announcement was made that Berkshire Hathaway Ltd, would labor over Scottish Powers PacifiCorp, a significant frame resulted to the stock prices of both companies respectively. The stock price effect is visible in graph 1 2 showing the daily prices for May 2005 for both companies. b) esteem the bid for PacifiCorp. Do you think the bid is a fair price? In assessing whether the bid price $5. 1 billion dollar is a fair price a valuation of PacifiCorp must be conducted. The model that was implemented to perform th e valuation was the DCF method. The value derived from this methodology was $ 5 119. 348092 million dollars, rather astonishingly close to the bid price of MidAmerican. The DCF model can be found in appendix) Therefore with a value so similar to that of the bid price, it can be ascertained that the bid reflects the companys value thus is a fair price. CAPM = RF + ? (rm-rt) 0. 1013 = 0. 0488+ 0. 75 (0. 07) Table 1 Terminal Valuen = E(FCFE)n+1 /(rn gn) The DCF model was followed from Rosenbaums text (reference) the majority of the inputs have been derived from PacifiCorps annual reports. The EBIT has grown at %5. 7 since 2000, signifying good offshoot signs. This figure combined ith speculation from the 2005 annual report predicting sales to grow at %3 to result in a predicted growth rate of %5 to forecast the FCFs. A CAPM was utilise to calculate the cost of equity (as seen in table 1). The industry Beta was used 0. 75(reference), the RFR %4. 88 was derived from the 20 year U S Treasury bond rate and the market premium was given at %7. utilise these figures cost of equity was found to be %10. 13. Once the cash flows have been forecasted at the 5% growth rate and discounted back at the %10. 13 Ke, then the storehouse value must be determined. The terminal value was calculated the below formula, found in Damodorans text.

Critical Analysis of Peter Singers Famine Affluence and Morality Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis of Peter vocalizers shortfall Affluence and Morality EssayIn his article Famine, Affluence and Morality Peter vocalist gives a seemingly devastating critique of our ordinary ways of cyphering about famine relief, charity, and morality in general. In spite of that very few quite a little have accepted, or at any tread acted on, the conclusions he reaches. In light of these facts one might say of Singers arguings, as Hume say of Berkeleys arguments for immaterialism, that they admit of no answer and produce no conviction.1 While I do think that Singers considerations show that people should do considerably more than most people very do, they do not establish his conclusions in their full strength or generality. So his arguments admit of a partial answer, and once properly qualified may produce some conviction. In Famine. Affluence, and Morality, Peter Singer stresses the possible revisionary implications of accepting utilitarianism as a guide to conduct . He does not actually espouse utilitarianism in this essay, rather a cousin of utilitarianism. He observes, in the world today, there argon many people suffering a lot, leading miserable lives, on the margin, prone to calamity whenever natural disasters or wars or other cataclysmic events strike. Many millions of people live on an income equivalent to one dollar a day or less. What, if anything, does morality say one should do about this?Singer proposes two principlesa stronger one he favors, a weaker one he offers as a fallback. The potent Singer rationale If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it. The Weak Singer Principle If it is in our power to prevent something very bad from happening, without sacrificing anything morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it. Consider the Strong Singer Principle. He explains that by without sacrificing anything of compa rable moral importance I mean without causing anything else comparably bad to happen, or doing something that is wrong in itself, or failing to promote some moral good, comparable in entailment to the bad thing that we can prevent. From the first principle it follows that whether one should help those who ar suffering or dying doesnt depend on how close one is to them, unless that makes helping them more difficult, because their distance from one does naught to lessen their suffering. From both principlestogether, it follows that ones obligation to help those who are suffering or dying doesnt go away if other people who are as well as in a position to help them arent doing anything, because the presence of other people who do nothing is, in moral terms, no different from the absence of people who do something. Singer comments on this argument by adding that he could get by with a weaker version of the second principle, which would have something of moral significance in place of something of roughly equal moral importance (506). He also gives a vatic example of the second principle in action If one is in a position to keep on a child drowning in a pond, one should rescue the child even though that mode dirtying ones clothes, because that is not a morally significant cost and the childs death would be an extremely morally bad state of affairs (506).

Dona Perfecta Essay Example for Free

Dona Perfecta EssayDona Perfecta, write by B. Perez Galdos, is a novel that explores the conflict between the new reformist movement and the old ghostly school of thought. This conflict takes place in the small Spanish village of Orbajosa. Narrow-minded Catholic zealots hulk Orbajosa. The most prominent of the zealots is Dona Perfecta. Dona is tralatitious catholic and strives to fight any opposition to her fixed opinions. Pepe Rey, her nephew, presents the biggest challenge to Dona because he is an engineer who relies on scientific fact rather than religious faith. Dona feels as though Pepe is challenging her and the towns livelihood. This public opinion leads Dona to not only turn the town against Pepe, but also to have him killed. Donas Catholic belief system is only a facade to her evil temper. The town of Orbajosa is presented to be a small in so far inviting town. Pepe is welcomed to the town warmly and happily. Dona is the first to greet Pepe when the narrator sta tes, the sincere expression of her affection, was receiving him at the gate itself in her loving arms (23). Dona appears to be a very loving and hospitable character.She also surprises Pepe with her lengthy preparations to his style when the narrator states, Pepe recognized in all the details of the room the diligent and loving hand of the woman (24). Dona has proven that she is capable of being kind and loving towards those who pose no threat to her lifestyle. However, it is only when Pepe denounces faith that Dona feels threatened and begins to revel her evil nature. When Pepe and the town canon, Don Inocencio, meet, the men clash with their ideals. Both are wakeless and therefore, are stubborn.Pepe reveals to Don Inocencio that science is more valid than religious belief when he states, Mysticism in religion, numeral in science, mannerism in art, are failing, as the Pagan gods fell (36). Pepe expresses his opinions about science and religion without any hesitation. Don Ince ncio and the towns people of Orbajosa feel that Pepe is resolutely against their beliefs. Increasing animosity is the result of Pepes modernized mind-set. Dona feels as though Pepe is a liability to the towns look of life and the only way to get rid of the problem is to exterminate it completely.Dona is desperate to get rid of Pepe. She knows that Pepe poses the possibly to contaminate the towns ideals with his progressive philosophy. Dona decides that the town must turn against Pepe. Dona accuses Pepe of being disrespectful in the church when she states, between thinking things and demonstrate them in that irreverent manner, there is a distance which a man of correct sense and good breeding should never cross (56). Dona feels the need to make baseless accusations about Pepe in order to stir the public opinion against Pepe.Pepe himself recognizes the absurdity of Donas accusation when he states, I have shewn no contempt for any one, nor do I entertain the ideas which you attr ibute to me (57). Pepe is troubled by the idea that his own aunt would accuse him of such trivial acts. Pepe knows that his progressive ideals are threatening to the town and are creating distrust between him and Orbajosa. Dona knows that the only way to truly get rid of Pepe is to kill him. Dona is consumed with the idea that the town of Orbajosa is transitioning from a traditional mindset to a progressive mindset.In reaction, Dona orders the killing of Pepe. She then lies about the killing saying that Pepe pull suicide when she states, Pepe Rey at about twelve oclock last night entered the garden of the mansion house and shot himself in the right temple (218). Dona manufactured this lie in order to cover up her evil action. Dona resorted to extreme and evil measures in order to preserve her way of thought. Her name Dona Perfecta is humourous in the sense that Dona is far from perfect because she is evil.The injustice that Dona commits revels not only the true hypocritical natur e of Dona but also the hypocritical nature of Orbajosa as a whole. Dona Perfecta uses the conflict between Pepe and Dona to show the strong opposition the progressive movement faces. While Pepe was welcomed at first, he was soon ostracized and persecuted for his thoughts. The towns people of Orbajosa matte Pepe might threaten their way of life. Extreme measures were taken by Dona to put Pepe to rest. Perhaps Galdos intends the reader to take heed that while people may appear to be good, in reality, they are not what they seem.

The argument of whether God exists or not Essay Example for Free

The personal line of credit of whether deity exists or non EssayThe parentage of whether god exists or non is a pertinacious debated public debate spanning the centuries. In David Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion this subject area is addressed through a dialogue and debate between Humes fictional characters Cleanthes and Philo. Cleanthes presents the argument that graven images existence notify be confirmed to valet and presents this argument in the pass water of the Argument from designing. Philo accordingly offers several objections as to why this argument fails. This paper will discuss Cleanthes Argument from designing and detail Philos condemnation of Cleanthes stance. This criticism will include the mistakableity related to the gaugeence of Gods existence based on observation of our innovation as well as Philos criticism that spontaneous order found by multiplication and botany fail to support evidence of a creator. To lend further support to Philos argument, it is important to curb if the existence is, in fact, in a state of order, and whether or not God, being oecumenicly accepted as mysterious and unknowable by the religious, is livingly knowable through inference as suggested by Cleanthes.These arguments presented by Philo lend support to why the Argument from Design fails. David Hume presents through his character, Cleanthes, the argument that the temper and existence of God tail end be proven through inference based on observation of our creation. Cleanthes attempts to prove this in his Argument from Design, which states that by witnessing the natural beauty and orderliness of the domain, its complexity and intricacy, that we arouse infer assuredly that a supreme designer created the humans.To further clarify, as found in the online encyclopedia concerning this argument, Wikipedia states, Although at that place are variations, the sanctioned argument can be stated as follows 1) Every design has a desig ner 2) The universe has highly complex design 3) Therefore, the universe has a Designer (Wikipedia, Section Argument, par 4). Cleanthes stance is that the nature and existence of God can be confirmed through inference of our seemingly orderly universe.An likeness to attempt to solidify and prove this stance is often used by empirical theism by stating that similar forms invented by gentleman are likewise often very complex and it therefore naturally follows that because man made machines are complex and have a designer then it is safe to refrain that because the universe is similarly complex it, too, has a designer. Empirical theism claims there is a designer and creator responsible for our purlieu and that the existence of God can be confirmed by reason through inference.These premises form the major points of the Argument from Design Hume relays in the text through his character Cleanthes position. Philo offers rebuttal arguments, one of which claims that the analogy of the orderly universe and machines is a shaky one and it follows that any reasoning done based on the analogy will also be weak ( igniter Notes, Par 4). For this analogy to be successfully used, the machine that is described must(prenominal) not be a part of the universe but exist remote of the universe.Both the universe and the machine must be mutually exclusive of each other and not one a part of the other for the analogy to work. The question lies in whether all things are created by a supreme creator. A machine is part of the universe and it is being suggested by Cleanthes that the universe was created by God. Granted a machine whitethorn have been created by a man but the man may or may not have been created by a supreme creator. The machine must exist independently and outside the boundaries of the universe to be a plausible analogy as to whether or not it was created by a supreme designer or not.Because of this fact, reason cannot be used to conclude with this analogy that infe rence will reveal unconditional cognition of Gods existence resulting in the Argument from Design being faulty. Along with this argument Philo makes against Cleanthes Argument from Design is that all order that we can witness is not necessarily the result of intelligent design and cannot be confirmed by inference or our senses. Philo states that almost order, such as that found in positive bodies, is caused by generation and vegetation (Spark Notes, par 5).It is this argument that supports that the Argument from Design is incorrect. Exploring Philos argument, somewhat unvarnished order as found among species and vegetation may be the result of the correct conditions to exist wherein the order has come about by the laws of the universe that dictate the processes. The gravid Bang theory is one example of this. Evolution is another. Conditions existed naturally to bring about the chaotic fusillade toward the formation of the solar system governed by the laws of the universe that exist. kingdom conditions made it suitable for life to evolve. acquisition has long accepted the theory of evolution and the Big Bang theory and support is growing as science advances in support of these theories. These scientific theories lend support to Philos argument that order found among organic bodies is due to processes that naturally occur and not by any intentions of a designer. Cleanthes claims that inferences made when witnessing the universe and the Earth upon which we live and the processes that govern our existence such as the laws of nature and the universe confirm the existence of God.We can assume that the order we perceive is the result of a divine creator, but that inference is nothing more than a hunch and is not, therefore, absolute assuredness. It is what is known as an educated guess. Educated guesses are guesses based on inference. Sometimes they are correct. Other times they are not. Regardless, educated guesses are not absolute knowledge of something, a nd in this case it is not absolute knowledge of the existence of God and the Argument from Design fails.Philos argument that these natural processes that exist on our planet and throughout the universe do not lend absolute knowledge of a divine creator is correct. The key words are absolute knowledge. While there may have been a creator behind the processes of formation of the universe or the laws that govern the apparent orderliness of it, it is not absolute assuredness that that is so through inference alone and that is what the Argument of Design purports to claimThat absolute knowledge of Gods existence can be inferred.Thirdly, with regards to Philos argument that many processes are the result of generation and vegetation one can also question whether the earth, solar system, or universe is, in fact, a state of orderliness. It may be a mistake to assume that we live in an orderly universe or on a planet of order. It is possible that our solar system and planet are in a state of disorderliness and chaos. Because we exist and can snuff it in our surround, we assume that this is orderly.Humanity lives in a bubble or aquarium, the planet earth. Some order caused by generation and vegetation may very likely be the result of the correct conditions spontaneously being present for life to survive however, we are susceptible to chaotic activity, the natural movements of the tectonic plates of the earth causing earthquakes, Tsunamis and tornadoes, outside influences in our solar system and the universe such as asteroids and comets, disorderly, random, chaotic events that threaten our own existence.Just because life exists and can survive on this planet does not constitute a state of order. For Cleanthes to be able to infer from orderliness that a divine creator was the cause of the order, one must first of all determine whether or not the universe, solar system, and our plant, in fact, are in a state of order. If these things are in a state of chaos and disorder, t hen no inference as to design can be made nor can the existence of a designer be inferred correctly or confirmed with absolute knowledge.Finally, in support of Philos argument against the Argument from Design, it is impossible to logically conclude by inference that a supreme creator is behind the creation of our universe or planet and this is evidenced by the general religious popular legal opinion that God is mysterious. As defined by Dictionary. com, the word mysterious carries the importation of Of obscure nature, meaning, origin, etc. , puzzling, inexplicable (Dictionary. com, par 3). To be mysterious is to not fully be knowable.If God works in mysterious ways as is commonly claimed, then the very nature of God and what he has or has not created is just that, mysterious and not fully knowable as defined. This also lends support to Philos argument that the Argument from Design fails. The argument of whether God exists or not is a long debated argument spanning the centuries. P hilos argument that the analogy used by Cleanthes comparing a machine and the universe is weak lends support to the fact that inference is not absolute knowledge of a divine creator. The reason for this is that a machine is part of the universe or whole.For this analogy to work, they must be mutually exclusive. Secondly, Philo points out that some natural processes are the results of generation and vegetation, natural processes that are independent of any creator but eliminate naturally. If such phenomena occur spontaneously without intervention or creator, then it is possible the universe came about in a similar fashion. Thirdly, in order to be able to infer with absolute knowledge of a divine creator based on observation of an orderly environment, we must determine whether, in fact, the environment in which we live is in a state of orderliness or if we are part of a chaotic universe.If we are not part of an orderly universe but it, in fact, is chaotic and disorderly, then the que stion of whether a divine creator is involved is a moot point. Finally, popular religious belief agrees that the very nature of God is one of a mysterious nature. If God is mysterious, by definition he is unknowable and not fully comprehensible and the Argument from Design fails. Works Cited Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 2006. Spark Notes, LLC. Retrieved on April 11, 2007. http//www.sparknotes. com/philosophy/dialogues/summary. html Hume, David. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. 2006. David Banach. Retrieved on April 11, 2007. http//www. anselm. edu/homepage/dbanach/dnr. htm Mysterious. 2007. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Retrieved on April 11, 2007. http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/mysterious Teological Argument. 2007. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved on April 11, 2007 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teleological_argument

Alwaleed Bin Talal’s Leadership Essay Example for Free

Alwaleed Bin Talals Leadership EssayPrince Alwaleed bin Talal is one of the innovations richesinessiest investor and businessman. He has been competent to happen upon connection in administration done entrepreneurship and international investments as an entrepreneur. He is a citizen of Lebanon and a member of the royal family, House of Saudi-Arabian, in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.though not a member of the executive charged with ruling, he usually gets involved in politics of Lebanon for instance in the case of President Emile Lahoud against claims assassinating Lebanese billionaire Rafik Hariri and usually criticizes both local and international semipolitical issues in the media. He has so far been un no-hit in his efforts to lead the Lebanese Sunni community.During Alwaleeds earliest ages, his Father Prince Talal Abd al-Aziz, a known activist and modernizer, actively engaged in matters concerning the political issues that existed in the conventional governing system in Saudi Arabia in the early 1960s.He opposed Modern pan-Arabism that was guide by the then leader of the joined Arab Repulic, Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasser, which resulted to the suspension of his passport. He was forced to seek exile in Egypt. During this period, Alwaleed dwelld with his mother, Princess Muna al-Sulh who was the daughter of Riyadh al- Sulh, the first Prime Minister of the Independent Lebanon.In his early education, he go to elementary and middle schools in Beirut and returned to Lebanon in 1973 to attend King Abdul Aziz Military academy to gain more discipline skills. He graduated with a Bachelor of skill Degree in care administration from Menlo College California in 1979 and later enrolled for a masters Degree in Political Science from Syracuse University (Khan 2005).He rose to international fame in the early 1990s by purchasing a substantial amount of Citicorp shares when then firm was undergoing financial difficulties. He is an established investor and owns a chain of investments realismwide in the major industries such as banking, building and construction companies, telecommunications, broadcasting and media, entertainment, hospitality and involvement in charitable activities crosswise many regions of the world. He also owns a lot of luxurious assets (Khan 2005). consort to Machiavelli (2005) leadership qualities must be practical and not ideological in their application. In chapter 15 of The Prince, that leadership property should be determined through consideration of personality traits, lawsuit and how a person conducts himself. A successful ruler must know when, where and in what way an upright person will act when confronted with polar situations.Alwaleed has been able to demonstrate all these leadership qualities which are evident in the divers(prenominal) criterias he employed in his investment activities throughout his life. He invested in shares of Americas Citicorp at the fourth dimension when every investor was pul ling out their capital from the firm and at a time when it neared its collapse collectible to bankruptcy, a decision that elicited mixed reactions across the world.Machiavelli talks of qualities that a leader must posses on those things which politicians or Princes must do that king either be approbationd or blamed in the end. He clearly differentiates the two categories in which a leader must apply specific ideologies. Machiavelli identifies the world that we live in as a kind of world of forms and which contains imperfect alternatives that are required in the world of ideas.Alwaleed seemed to recognize the world of ideas and did things that other people in the world of forms thought that they were impossible to happen. Upon his return afterward completion of his Masters degree, he invested in the banking sector by purchasing shares in the United Saudi Commercial Bank. This move enabled the bank to gain enormous returns in terms of market judge and also enabled the Bank to mer ge with Saudi Cairo Bank. His fortunes increased immensely through these risky moreover strategic business ships.These elicited admirations from financial strategists across Asia and other parts of the world. Economic observers in the Saudi Kingdom and from other parts of the globe recognized his efforts and Alwaleed was thus chosen by the King as an advisor on economic matters. This enabled him rectify on his unique strategic approaches to expansion of his business pudding stone (Khan 2005).Alwaleeds character has been influenced through his grand father King Abd al-Aziz and the first prime minister of autarkic Lebanon who were all honest, upright and generous in their actions. They got a lot of respect and loyalty from the entire kingdom. on the whole these characters can be displayed through his successful ventures and the ways in which he related to the people. His sudden amassment of wealth in a short period of time has led certain institutions to question the source of h is wealth.According to the Economist online, Alwaleed is suspected to be a front man of other investors in the Saudi Arabian kingdom. All his sources of income are questioned and an account of his possible worth is calculated and the conclusion is that the source of his wealth is developed because his business could not be in a position to accumulate such volume of wealth in a short period of time.Machiavellis leadership principle requires that a leader must engage in activities that may seem inappropriate, eliciting malicious interests and those that will require him to commit unethical morals so long as it leads him to obtain success and function. What matters is the end result, the means doesnt apply. Alwaleed was able to secure success and power irrespective of the means he employed to achieve his success. His experience from the risky venture has enabled him to acquire riches and build business empires in addition to gaining international respect and recognition through inv esting in long-term projects (Machiavelli 17).Machiavelli on chapter 13 and 14 in the Online Literature Library the character of a Prince on matters concerning mercenaries and armies is discussed. They should be loyal to the ruler in fighting for the battle. In chapter 14, Machiavelli advises the prince to focus on the war and avoid other issues that pertains military matters.He should gain knowledge to enable him to maintain power lovesomehold throughout the battle. Prince Alwaleed was prepared in military matters after having attended King Abdul Aziz Military Academy and was prepared to lead incase he found his chance to the throne. He was therefore armed to be safe lest he is threatened by opposing forces to his power. This enabled him to gain trust from the King and thus he found a position in the cabinet and became the Kings Economic advisor.Bridging the East and Western WorldsAlwaleed fame is recognized internationally through his involvement in bridging the Arab world and th e Western worlds. He has been involved in Islamic studies programs across Universities in the United States and other parts of the Globe. According to Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University, prince Alwaleed is move to the fostering the importance of peace and tolerance.They assert that the best way to achieve this is through the bridging of the understanding betwixt the East and the West. He is also committed in making the world a better place. He is the champion representative of UNESCO and also supports charities for children. He engages in cultural activities aimed at promoting mutual understanding. The prince also has funded an educational centre at Georgetown University that aims at improving understanding between Islamic and Christian religions. Other initiatives accommodate cross cultural educational institutions in Europe, Africa and the Middle-East.This shows a connection with the qualities of a leader cited by Machiavelli. On generosity and miserliness, a leader is supposed to spend excess amounts of his fortune on things that will improve or heighten his publicity but by doing so keep in mind the consequences that might befall him in the event that his fortune dwindles (Machiavelli 14). Chapter 18 tells the things that a politician must do which concerns his faith.Alwaleed has been able to extend his religion to the western world through funding foundations that touch on his Islamic religion. In this chapter Machiavelli asserts that private morality should prevail over public life and in order to be successful, praise must come from other human beings even if it means doing things are wrong in different perspectives. Rulers must therefore be generous in utilizing their wealth and appear tough on caterpillar track their businesses even if it means using cruelty. He has stood strong on his word of Bridging the east and west and has stood strong in his faith.

Just Take Away Their Guns Essay Example for Free

Just Take Away Their Guns EssayThe president wants becalm tougher weapon control legislation and thinks it go forth work. The populace supports much gasolene control laws but queers they wont work. The public is right. Legal restraints on the lawful purchase of throttle valves will move over little effect on the vicious employment of guns. There atomic number 18 some 200 million guns in private ownership, ab bulge triplet of them handguns. Only about 2 percent of the latter atomic number 18 employed to commit crimes. It would take a Draconian, and politic aloney impossible, confiscation of legally purchased guns to get down much of a difference in the number apply by criminals. Moreover, only about one-sixth of the handguns used by serious criminals atomic number 18 purchased from a gun shop or pawnshop. Most of these handguns are stolen, borrowed or obtained through private purchases that wouldnt be affected by gun laws. What is worse, any successful effort to shrink the stock of legally purchased guns (or of ammunition) would reduce the capacity of lawful plenty to defend themselves. Gun control advocates scoff at the importance of self-defense, but they are haywire to do so.Based on a household survey, Gary Kleck, a criminologist at Florida State University, has estimated that every year, guns are used that is, displayed or fired for defensive purposes more than a million times, not counting their use by the practice of law. If his estimate is correct, this means that the number of mass who defend themselves with a gun exceeds the number of arrests for impetuous crimes and burglaries. The available evidence supports the claim that self-defense is a legitimate form of deterrence. People who report to the issue Crime Survey that they defended themselves with a weapon were less liable(predicate) to lose property in a robbery or be injured in an assault than those who did not defend themselves. Statistics have shown that would-be (prenominal) burglars are threatened by gun-wielding victims about as many times a year as they are arrested (and much more often than they are sent to prison) and that the chances of a burglar macrocosm triggerman are about the same as his chances of going to jail. Criminals know these facts take down if gun control advocates do not and so are less likely to burgle sedulous homes in America than occupied ones in Europe, where the residents rarely have guns.Some gun control advocates may concede these points but fall in that the cost of self-defense is self-injury Handgun owners are more likely to shoot themselves or theirloved ones than a criminal. Not quite. Most gun accidents involve rifles and shotguns, not handguns. Moreover, the rate of fatal gun accidents has been declining while the train of gun ownership has been rising. There are fatal gun accidents just as there are fatal car accidents, but in fewer than 2 percent of the gun fatalities was the victim individual mis taken for an intruder. Those who urge us to forbid or severely restrict the sale of guns ignore these facts. Worse, they collect a position that is politically absurd. In effect, they say, Your government, having failed to protect your person and your property from criminal assault, now intends to ransack you of the opportunity to protect yourself. Opponents of gun control make a different mistake. The National Rifle tie and its allies tell us that guns dont kill, people kill and urge the Government to punish more severely people who use guns to commit crimes. Locking up criminals does protect society from future crimes, and the prospect of being locked up may deter criminals. only when our experience with meting out tougher sentences is mixed.The tougher the prospective sentence the less likely it is to be imposed, or at least(prenominal) to be imposed swiftly. If the Legislature adds on time for crimes move with a gun, prosecutors often bargain away the add-ons even when the y do not, the judges in many states are reluctant to impose add-ons. Worse, the presence of a gun can contribute to the magnitude of the crime even on the part of those who worry about serving a long prison sentence. Many criminals take over guns not to rob stores but to protect themselves from other armed criminals. Gang violence has become more threatening to bystanders as clustering members have begun to arm themselves. People may commit crimes, but guns make some crimes worse. Guns often convert spontaneous outbursts of anger into fatal encounters. When some people carry them on the streets, others will want to carry them to protect themselves, and an urban arms race will be underway. OUR close SHOULD NOT BE THE disarming of law-abiding citizens. It should be to reduce the number of people who carry guns unlawfully, specially in places on streets, in taverns where the mere presence of a gun can increase the hazards we all face. The most effective way to reduce illegal gun- carrying is to encourage the police to take guns away from people who carry them without a permit. This means encouraging the police to make street frisks.The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution bans inordinate searches and seizures. In 1968 the SupremeCourt decided (Terry v. Ohio) that a frisk patting down a persons outer array is proper if the military officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous. If a pat-down reveals an object that top executive be a gun, the officer can enter the suspects pocket to remove it. If the gun is being carried illegally, the suspect can be arrested. The reasonable-suspicion test is much less stringent than the probable-cause standard the police mustinessiness admit in order to make an arrest. A reasonable suspicion, however, is more than just a hunch it must be supported by specific facts. The courts have held, not always consistently, that these facts include someone acting in a way that leads an experienced off icer to conclude criminal activity may be afoot someone fleeing at the approach of an officer a person who fits a drug messenger profile a motorist stopped for a traffic violation who has a suspicious come forth in his pocket a suspect identified by a reliable informant as carrying a gun. The Supreme Court has also upheld frisking people on probation or parole. Some police departments frisk a lot of people, but usually the police frisk rather few, at least for the purpose of detecting illegal guns. In 1992 the police arrested about 240,000 people for illegally possessing or carrying a weapon.This is only about one-fourth as many as were arrested for public drunkenness. The average police officer will make no weapons arrests and confiscate no guns during any given year. Mark Moore, a prof of public policy at Harvard University, found that most weapons arrests were made because a citizen complained, not because the police were out looking for guns. It is easy to see why. Many cities suffer from a shortage of officers, and even those with ample law-enforcement force play worry about having their cases thrown out for constitutional reasons or being accused of police harassment. just the risk of violating the Constitution or engaging in actual, as opposed to perceived, harassment can be substantially reduced. Each patrol officer can be given a list of people on probation or parole who live on that officers beat and be rewarded for making frequent sugar to insure that they are not carrying guns. Officers can be trained to recognize the kinds of actions that the Court will contain as providing the reasonable suspicion necessary for a stop and frisk.Membership in a gang known for assaults and drug dealing could be made the basis, by statute or Court precedent, for gun frisks. And modern science can be enlisted to help. Metal detectors atairports have reduced the number of plane bombings and skyjackings to nearly zero. But these detectors only work at very close r ange. What is needed is a doojigger that will enable the police to detect the presence of a large lump of metal in someones pocket from a distance of 10 or 15 feet. Receiving such a signal could translate the officer with reasonable grounds for a pat-down. Underemployed nuclear physicists and electronics engineers in the post-cold-war era surely have the talents for designing a better gun detector. Even if we do all these things, there will still be complaints. Innocent people will be stopped. Young black and Hispanic men will probably be stopped more often than older white Anglo males or women of any race. But if we are serious about reducing drive-by shootings, fatal gang wars and lethal quarrels in public places, we must get illegal guns off the street. We cannot do this by multiplying the forms one fills out at gun shops or by pretending that guns are not a problem until a criminal uses one. James Q. Wilson is a professor of public policy at U.C.L.A. His most recent book is Th e Moral Sense. ADS BY GOOGLE

Thoreau and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Thoreau and Transc blockadeentalism EssayHenry David Thoreaus Walden is an anthem to transcendentalism. Among the transcendentalists core beliefs was the inherent faithfulness of both people and spirit. Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutionsparticularly religion and politicscorrupted the purity of the individual. They believed that people were at their best when they were self-reliant. The central recurring theme that emerges in transcendentalism is a return to nature. Thoreau sets out for Walden pool to observe, l auriclen, and explore, indicative of his transcendentalist beliefs. In Walden, Thoreau explains his convictions of transcendentalism through his imagery of nature and appreciation of Natures sounds, peculiarly in the climactic seventeenth chapter, initiation. Thoreau discovers that one n methamphetamine thing about support in the woods was that he should have the leisure and opportunity to study the start come in (1138). He studies the gl ass melting and listens for birds, and by mid-March, he has escortd a bluebird, song-sparrow, and red-wing.With the days passing, he also notes the depth of the ice on the pond. The ice is still a foot thick when he hears these birds. Living in a climate of four completely different seasons, and existence away from the constant din of civilization (except for the dragoon and church bells), makes this process of observing the introduction of Spring unique for Thoreau. Little delights Thoreau more than watching rivulets of backbone and clay burst and overflow through the one C in sticks, such as those on the bank by the railroad.Seeing the various shades of the sand, singularly rich and agreeable (1139), makes him feel as though he stood in the laboratory of the Artist who make the world and me (1139). Thoreau sees these little streams replicated in point leaves, blood vessels, and ice crystals. In this way, the hillside illustrated the principle of all the operations of Nature (1141). In this same separate of Spring, Thoreau makes a significant connection between the transcendentalists and their religious beliefs.Thoreau refers to God as the Artist who made the world and me (1140), a transcendentalist understanding of the cleric. He compares man to a mass of thawing clay (1140) with fingers and toes leaves and the ear as lichen, echoing the image of God as a potter in Jeremiah. According to Thoreau, the creation is not a fossil, but rather ongoing artistry. He perceives that the footing is a living creature and nothing inorganic exists (1141), a tribute to the fact that it is always in process. One can see God face-to-face by studying Nature. Thoreau purposes beautiful language to create the image of Nature being pregnant.He explains the life- equivalent forms that can be seen everywhere in Nature with the sentence No wonder that the earth expresses itself outwardly in leaves, it so labors with the idea inwardly (1140, emphasis added) Nature is pre gnant with an abstract and metaphysical idea that is coming out in the form of a leaf. As Nature gives birth, her bowels are exposed, presenting her as the mother of humanity (1141). Bowels are obviously something internal, something one would not necessarily see, and the fact that Nature is exposing herself is note-worthy for Thoreau.When the snow has somewhat melted, Thoreau takes notice of the withered vegetation which had withstood the winter (1142). The red squirrels move under Thoreaus house and chirp continually, even when he stomps on the floor. He is thrilled to see the first sparrow of the season and to hear the birds songs again. Walden Pond continues melting, opening up canals on all sides. A large piece of ice has miserable off the main body (1143) and a song-sparrow sings to assist its further breaking. A ribbon of water glitters in the sun. The pond is full of glee and youth (1143).In all of this, Thoreau sees the contrast between winter and spring (1143) and notes t hat Walden was dead and is alive again (1143). The change from Winter to Spring seems instantaneous, filling Thoreaus house with light, and he hears a robin sing as if he has not heard one for a thousand years. The use of imagery and sounds in this section of Spring exhibit Thoreaus excitement about the changing of seasons and the end of a long, cold, dead Winter. Later in the chapter, Thoreau goes fishing. He hears a strange rattling sound and looks up to see a hawk soaring overhead, with proud reliance in the fields of air (1145).It looked as if it had never set foot on land and had its nest in the clouds. Thoreau catches sliver, gold, and coppery fish, which look like jewels when all strung together. His morning fishing venture is proof enough of immortality for Thoreau, as evidenced when he proclaims that there needs no stronger proof of immortality. All things must live in such a light (1146). He also loves to see that Nature is so rife with life that myriads can be afforded to be sacrificed and suffered to prey on one another (1146), and watching a vulture devour carrion or seeing a dead horse on the side of the road reminds him of humanitys health and strength.His ability to confront death of living things shows his acceptance of deaths inevitability and lifes continuity. In Walden, Henry David Thoreau defines his own person-to-person understanding of transcendentalism. For him, the divine is most sublimely expressed in nature. The overriding theme of Thoreaus Spring is rebirth, a Christian conception that Thoreau applies to nature.With the surfacing of spring, he is reborn along with his surroundings, and his euphoria in describing nature reveals his positive and passionate perspective. Transcendentalism is the term through which Thoreau can explain coming to an understanding of the divine and mans place in nature at Walden Pond. For him, the role of God as an artist (1140) is inspiring. After living in the woods next to Walden Pond for two years, He nry David Thoreau developed his own ideas of transcendentalism, an important spectral union between nature and oneself.

Computers and Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Computers and study Systems EssayINTRODUCTION OF cultivation tribute measure POLICYInformation is a valuable asset. The protection of these assets is a basic forethought responsibility. Employing officers atomic number 18 responsible for Identifying and protecting computer-related information assets within their assigned ara of management control and ensuring that these assets are workoutd for management-approved purpose only and all employees understand their obligation to protect them. Implementing protection practices and procedures that are consistent with the Company Information Asset Security Manual and value of the assets.PRIVACY AND SECURITY POLICIES TAKEN CARE BY VARIOUS HIGHLY RECOGNIZED HEALTHCARE placementPARTNERS HEALTHCARE validationPartners HealthCare is committed to ensuring the privacy and security of patient health information. In order to facilitate and instrument the activities related to the privacy and security of Protected Health Information (P HI), Partners HealthCare has appointed a integrated Privacy Officer. The privacy officer responsible for implementation and oversight of the policies and procedures regarding the privacy of health information at their site.BETH ISRAEL MEDICAL CENTERBeth Israel Medical Center has adopted CPRI Toolkit -engineering Resources Policy to ensure uniform and appropriate use of its computer and telecommunication resources (the Technology Resources, defined below).POLICY In using or accessing the Technology Resources, Users mustiness comply with the following provisions.NO EXPECTATION OF PRIVACYUsers understand and agree that BIDMC retains the right, with or without cause or nonice to the User, to access or monitor the Computer Information, including User e-mail and Internet usage.(Hodge et al. 1968, pg 17) Please hold the line in mind that anything created or stored on the Technology Resources, including the Computer Information, may be reviewed by others and that heretofore deleted fil es may be recovered.USE OF E-MAIL AND INTERNET ACCESS AND USEAll User e-mail addresses assigned by BIDMC shall remain the sole and exclusive property of BIDMC. Users should endeavor to make each of their electronic communications truthful and accurate. Users should use the same care in drafting e-mail and other electronic documents as they would for any other written communication. The quality of your writing will reflect on BIDMC. Users are encouraged to use the Internet and intranets to assist them in the performance of their jobs. (Thomas. R. 2001, 87)PASSWORDSUsers are responsible for safeguarding their passwords for access to the Technology Resources. Users should recognize that the combination of a logon identification and password is the equivalent of a signature and that the disclosure to some other individual is the equivalent of handing that individual a signed blank check.MAYO HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONmayonnaise HealthCare is committed to ensuring the privacy and security of patient health information by means of reliable policies.ACCESS CONTROL TERMS Individual-based access control. Role-based access control. Context-based access control.POLICY-RELATED TERMS Policy a broad statement of principle or intent that presents Mayos position. Policies are interpreted and supported by standards. Standard a rule or regulation that specifies conduct or a course of action. Standards are mandatory directives for implementing Mayo policy that ensure uniform compliance. Guideline a recommended course of action or a response to a given situation. Guidelines should be considered when determining how to implement standards.PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION (PHI)I. Information securityMayo Foundation will protect its vital information from unauthorized access, modification, disclosure, or destruction, by conducting security program with patients and of Mayo Foundation.II. Security administrationA group will cope through to develop and maintain an information security p rogram for Mayo Foundation entities.THEMES COMMON AMONG EACH ORGANIZATIONS POLICIES Controlling Access to Information and Systems, Operations and Administration. Network Security Policies. E-mail and the Worldwide Web, Telephones and Fax. entropy Management. Backup, Recovery and Archiving. Document Handling. Securing Data.KEY SECURITY PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS FOR INFORMATION SECURITY AND PRIVACY MANAGEMENTThe key security principles and the critical areas needing improvement for the healthcare organization.SECURING REMOTE ACCESS AND OTHER DRIVERS OF PHYSICIAN EFFECTIVENESSFor many providers, ensuring doc effectiveness and quality of life is a top priority. This includes helping physicians gain off-site access to records, without having to come to the hospital or sign into multiple hospital systems.EXTENDING SECURITY AND PRIVACY TO THIRD PARTIESSecure interoperability from hospitals to physician practices is also becoming a requirement as the healthcare industry in many globose mar kets moves towards wider use of electronic medical records and information sharing across collaborative groups (such as the emerging US regional health information organizations). (Perry. E., 1967, 48)DEVELOPING BUSINESS CONTINUITY AND DISASTER RECOVERY PLANSIn the shake up of high-profile natural disasters and health-related crises worldwide, most healthcare respondents (70%) identified business continuity and disaster recovery planning as one of the most critical business factors driving their information security spending. Forty-four percent, however, do not yet have such a capability, and 59% report that developing or improving these plans is a strategic security initiative for the coming year.ReferencesHodge, Bartow, Hodgson, Robert. N. (nod.). 1968 Management and the Computer information system McGraw-Hill Companies, The, New York, NY, U.S.A. pg 17Peltier, Thomas. R. (n.d.). 2001, Information Security Policiesand Procedures A practitioners Reference. TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, pg. 87Rosove, Perry. E. (n.d.). 1967, Developing Computer-basedInformation system. John Wiley Sons, NY,pg. 48

Tattoo and Work Essay Example for Free

stain and Work EssayIn my synthesis essay I bequeath talk roughly both(prenominal) sides of having a visible tattoo by using the obligates Tattoos in the work Whats an Employer to Do?, The Relationship betwixt Body Modification and grade point average. and Tattoos agnize Even More Visibility. These obliges work to travelher to show the pros and cons of brio with a tattoo whether it is in the workplace, visible or for a religious purpose. The article Tattoos in the Workplace, the article explains entirely(prenominal) the reasons in why someone with a tattoo shouldnt be refereed glowering only that. It also talks roughly how doing such is a violation of the law. In the article Tattoos arrive at Even More Visibility it mentions how in todays society visible body modifications eat become more popular and accepted. In the article The Relationship betwixt Body Modification and GPA, the article summarizes a study through with(p) of young masses aging from 15 till 25.In the alliance between the three articles I think tattoos should be accepted as long as they contributet be seen in the workplace. These articles ordain prove and go against my opinion that tattoos in nearly cases should be a loud in a workplace as long as it isnt visible. Rejecting someone for a profession because of their tattoos is a form of discrimination and should non ever happen. Before adaptation these articles I had no stance rough tattoos because I had none myself. In this issue the audience will be interviewers and employers who think tattoos interfere with someone macrocosm able to work with the public. In a scenario about a girl being interviewed for a art with some visible religious tattoos, she went in for an interview but after the interview she put in out she didnt get the job and wondered why.In the article The social intercourseship Between Body modification and GPA, the articles main issue is, is there a relationship between tattoos and student s grades. The article goes into description about the study and the specific questions the experimenter asked the study subjects. In the conclusion the experimenter found out that there was no relation between the students having body modifications akin tattoos and piercings and the grades that thestudents had. In my experience as a student, tattoos and grades had no relation. It depends on what kind of student you are in whether or not you will thrust good grades. I have no tattoos but my grades arent perfect, which is a perfect shell of why tattoos and grades have nothing to do with each former(a). A good question to ask that sort out of students would be does having a interest in tattoos and piercings stop you from spending money of domesticate needs like books and materials for projects? This essay adds to my argument on why tattoos should be permitted in the workplace since the study showed that tattoos and no relation with grades.In the article Tattoos in the Workplace Wh ats an Employer to Do? the author supports my thesis that a person being a good worker has nothing to do with a tattoo. It explains how having a face tattoo can be distracting to the customer but is it worth losing a good worker? The article also talks about where the tattoo is placed in relation to your job. For example, the odds are that a four-star hotel may not want the concierge to have large tattoos of skulls and crossbones on the back of each hand. But the same hotel may have less concern if a dishwasher in the kitchen has those same tattoos because direct contact with the hotels customers is minimal. This sentence from the article brings up a good point. But at the same time judging someone base get rid of their body modifications would be morally wrong. This article backs up my claim because it brings up certain canescent areas that you have to look at when saying a person shouldnt get a job based on their appearance but it also shows that someone with 50 tattoos could a lso be a genuinely kind individual who is dedicated to their job despite the body modifications. This was a good article to back up my original claim.On the other hand you have to look at all the grey areas. Can hiring someone with visible tattoos of a skull or vulgar language be murder putting to costumers? A company could lose money by hiring someone that would turn the public off with their tattoos. Having a tattoo of a naked lady could be very inappropriate and distracting. In a job interview, if you were not qualified having visible tattoos could just add to why you shouldnt get the job. there is also a concern in tattoos causing infections that can affect your skin forever.These articles all come up to about the same topic and are in agreement with each other and my opinion. In all three articles they agree that tattoos should be accepted in the workplace. And in the articles, they all list different logical reasons. In my scenario Sarah, the girl with the religious visibl e tattoos is also very qualified for the job but her tattoos were on her wrist so during the job in human resources she would be working with a lot of people and it would be exposed every day. Just like in the articles they bring up the issue of what job could having a visible tattoo not be accepted in. Is having a job with the public and having a visible tattoo impossible? Just like in the article Tattoos in the Workplace Whats an Employer to Do? they bring up someone not being accepted for a job based on their religious tattoos religious discrimination.Society has changed its perception on tattoos and how it doesnt relate to your job. In the article Tattoos Gain More Visibility the main subject is how in the society we live in today more people are getting tattoos in visible places like the neck and hands. In the article, Necks and hands, said Joshua Lord, an possessor of East Side Ink on Manhattans Lower East Side, were the last taboo. speaking about how now people are getting t attoos in these places compared to years ago. But recently Ive done them for doctors and funeral directors and teachers, and a lot of hairdressers, who use hand tattoos as conversation starters, he said. this shows how tattoos can be utilise as advertisement or a means of conversation. This article argues on my side of view. It like the other two proves how tattoos have no relation with the good quality job a person is able to do. The article also talks about the popularity of tattoos now compared to before.What may concern some old school thinkers is that visible tattoos may be here to stay. Speaking from someone with no tattoos, Im huffy to get my first one. The articles Tattoos Gain More Visibility, Tattoos in the Workplace Whats an Employer to Do? and The Relationship Between Body Modification and GPA. back up my claim that tattoos should be accepted in the workplace. It is discrimination to judge someones fit for a job based on body modifications. Having a tattoo is just one aspect of a person and having a tattoo shouldnt be held against them. in that respect are certain situationswhere someone might have a racist or controversial tattoo which might make them working in the public impossible because of customers complaining about their tattoos. If the tattoo is not disrespectful to anyone then there shouldnt be a problem. After reading this article I have a stance on how I feel about tattoos. In some shipway tattoos can get in the way of you getting a job and that isnt morally right. My scenario was about a girl would didnt get a job she was qualified for. It wasnt stated if it was because of her religious tattoos or not. After my opinion on tattoos not being relevant, do you think Sarah didnt get the job because of her tattoos or maybe a unknown reason?

Interprofessional Practice Social Work

Inter handicraftal Practice mixer fiddleThis essay will outline and explain why put down businessal cooperative enforce in kind work is important. It will likewise examine key factors that help or hinder in effect(p) inter professional collaborative suffice. It will explain why it is important that professionals work together and efficaciously as a aggroup and the consequences that post occur when professionals fail to collaborate successfully.There has been a keen deal of political and professional pressures for the development of inter professional collaborative physical exertion. From the late 1990s frontward there were vast amounts of official documents to promote the importance of collaborative working within the wellness and kind care sector. The 1998 complaisant serve wells White Paper Modernising Social Services (DoH, 1998) and The NHS Plan (2000) devoted replete(p) chapters to the subject. It has been argued that inter professional working has advanced f urther in relation to utilitys for older mountain than it has in relation to squirtren and families. The Green Paper Every Child Matters (DfES 2003) have it offd this and unitary of the main elements of this newsprint focused that improved collaboration was required so as not to repeat the tragical events of the capital of Seychelles Climbie case (this case will be discussed in further detail later in the essay). regimen recognition suggests that umpteen social problems can buoynot be effectively addressed by any given organization acting in isolation from an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s. That is, when professionals work together effectively they provide a better service to the complex take of the most vulner adequate people in society. Inter professional collaborative practice involves complex interactions among a range of divers(prenominal) professionals and is when professionals work together as a team to reach mutu bothy negotiated goals through agreed plans. It i s a partnership that can be defined as a formal agreement among the different professions who agree to work together in search of common goals. Collaborative is defined as putting that partnership into operation or into practice. It involves the different professions working together and using their own individual skills instead of working in opposite directions to meet the needs of particular service users. It is suggested that when social workers and other professions work collaboratively the service user gets a better deal. will participation (Henneman et al, 1995, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.19) and a high level of motivation (Molyneux, 2001, cited in Barrett et al, p.19) have been stated as vital aspects of effective inter professional collaboration.Social workers have certain ethical obligations to society that they moldiness follow and this comes in the form of The British Association of Social Work (BASW) Code of Ethics and the discipline Occupational Standards for so cial workers. The Code of Ethics follow five basic values, Human Dignity and Worth, Social Justice, Service to Humanity, Integrity and Competence whilst the National Occupational Standards outline the standards of conduct and practice to which all social workers should adhere to. Whilst working in collaboration with other professionals, social workers should follow these Codes and Standards to ensure that the best practicable matter is achieved for the service user.In the past inter professional collaborative practice has been difficult with many disadvantages and that this has caused problems between the different professions involved. This has in the past led to catastrophic tragedies as in the case of capital of Seychelles Climbie. Shared write upability is important for effective collaboration and all professionals should be accountable. Each profession should clog one another, not be seen as self interested and that no one profession is higher(prenominal) than another. Some of the problems that can occur are when there is not a logical distribution of power. uneven power distribution can be oppressive (Payne, 2000, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.23) and can limit participation for almost(prenominal) group members. Struggles for power are rooted in professional tradition and social difference. It is believed by or so critics of social work that social workers have often been located in settings where they were considered as subordinate to other more established professional groups (Brewer and Lait, 1980, cited in Wilson et al, 2008, p.401). Traditionally there have been difficulties within the checkup profession and Cooke et al, (2001, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.23) suggests that general practitioners felt threatened by a redistribution of power and had problems letting go of their traditionally held power base. Social work in the past has been described as a semi profession and similar to nursing and teaching and not comparable to the learn ed profession of medicine or practice of law as it does not have the required features of those professions (Freidson 1994). Payne (2000 cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.23) identifies this as peoples capacity to get what they want. Power in inter professional collaborative practice should be shared and distributed and no hierarchy of power should exist. If some professionals see themselves as more powerful than another they are not meeting the needs of the service user. Being territorial and not sharing schooling and fellowship has long been a problem in inter professional collaborative practice. Molyneux (2001, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p20) found that professionals who were confident in their own role were able to work flexibly across professional boundaries without feeling jealous or threatened. Professional adulthood was an feel used by Laidler (1991, cited in Barratt et al, 2005, p.20) to describe professionals who were confident in their own role to share information a nd transfer effectively with other professionals. These professionals do not feel territorial about relinquishing their knowledge and understanding to further enhance good inter professional collaborative practice. Stapleton (1998, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.20) suggests that a combination of personal and professional cartel enables individuals to assert their own perspectives and challenge the viewpoints of others.Open and in force(p) colloquy is a vital and probably one of the most important aspects of inter professional collaborative practice. It requires professionals to take into account each others views, be respectful, dignified and to listen to each other without being highly critical of one another. Constructive criticism needs to be undertaken alongside constructive suggestions and encouragement and should take place at a time when other professionals are receptive. Active listening is an important skill. To be able to recognise and respond to what is being commu nicated is a fundamental skill. Professionals working collaboratively should demonstrate this verbally and non-verbally to each other. This is greatly helped if all concerned put aside the typical stereotyping of each others professions in order to hear and listen to what the verbaliser is saying. Keeping good eye contact and having good body language is just as important. It is estimated that most two-thirds of communication is non-verbal, i.e. something is communicated through body language by a body movement, a posture, an inflection in the voice (Birdwhistell, 1970, cited in Wilson, 2008, p.297). A breakdown in communication and the lack of sharing of information between the professions in the past have been major failings in inter professional collaborative practice for modelling in high profile child protection inquiries and this has led to tragic consequences. Effective systems of communication and learned what information should be shared are essential not just between the professions but also between the service users.Trust, mutual respect and support are key features to inter professional collaborative practice. Trust was highlighted by many professionals as one of the most important factors in successful collaboration. When self-reliance is absent professionals may feel uncomfortable and insecure in their role and this in turn can lead to defensive behaviour to counteract their insecurities. Stapleton (1998, cited in Barratt et al, 2005, p.22) suggests that trust develops through repeated positive inter professional experience and develops gradually over a period of time. Trust cannot be gained overnight so it is important for professionals working collaboratively to give one another time for trust to develop. When professionals feel valued, they feel respected. This can be achieved by actively listening to each other and having an insight into one anothers professions.Conflict between the professions can have a huge impact on the different p rofessionals and service users. Loxley (1997, cited in Barrett et al, 2005, p.24) suggests that participation is interwoven with collaborative practice. To counteract some of the problems associated with betrothal it may be beneficial to all concerned to form ground rules. These ground rules could go some way to prevent and help the management of conflict and could include open discussion and the obligation to be able to give each other honest feedback. Most importantly these ground rules need to benefit all parties involved.A great deal of idiom is placed on social workers to critically reflect their practice. It literally means that social workers reflect on their practice before, during and after, thinking through tasks carefully. Other professionals may not do this in line with social workers beliefs of critical reflection or in the same way or see that reflection on their own practice is an important aspect of successful inter professional collaborative practice.To illustra te the above points a practice example will now be explained. The inquiry into the death of ten family old capital of Seychelles Climbie highlights the disastrous consequences when communication in inter professional collaborative practice fails. This child death case was fraught with communication breakdowns across the range of professionals associated with the case. In Lord Lamings report (2003) he draws attention to and illustrates lack of communication as one of the key issues. Victoria Climbie was failed by a system that was put into place to protect her. Professionals failed in this protection by not communicating with each other or with Victoria herself. One of the criticisms in the Laming work (2003) was that none of the professionals involved in the case talk to Victoria about her life or how she was feeling and suggests that even basic service user involvement was absent. There was an opportunity which is highlighted in his report that a social worker missed an opportu nity to communicate with Victoria by deciding not to see or speak to her while she was in hospital. It could be argued that if basic levels of communication with Victoria herself had been implemented, then more could have been achieved to protect her. It was not only a lack of communication with Victoria herself but a lack of communication between the professions that were investigated in the Laming Report (2003). Communication is equally important between the service user and the different professional bodies. Professionals are slight effective on their clients behalf if they cannot communicate precisely and persuasively. (Clark, 2000, cited in Trevithick, 2009, p.117). For successful inter professional collaborative practice to work a combination of personal and professional skills are required, together with competent communications skills to enable the different professions to challenge the views of others. Recommendation 37 of the Laming Report (2003) states The training of so cial workers must equip them with the confidence to question the opinion of professionals in other agencies when conducting their own assessment of the needs of the child. On at least one occasion, this did not happen when a social worker did not challenge a medical statement which turned out to be professionally incorrect which in turn led to the tragic eventual death of Victoria. Had the social worker challenged the medical opinion in this instance then it could be argued that more efficient communication and less confusion in the case may have salvage Victoria. Alan Milburn (Hansard 28 January 2003, column 740, cited in Wilson et al, 2008, p.474), the then Secretary of State commented when introducing the Children Bill in the Commons that Victoria needs services that worked together and that down the old age inquiry after inquiry has called for better communication and better co-ordination. Communication lies at the heart of high quality and successful inter professional practi ce and Victoria is just one case of when there is a lack of communication between the professionals and the annihilating consequences that can arise.In conclusion, successful inter professional collaborative practice has many elements and all these different elements require that the different professions adopt them. Although inter professional working practice has been around for many years and is not new, it still needs to be continued, developed and incorporated into the daily work of all professions. When health and social care professionals from different disciplines truly understand each others roles, responsibilities and challenges, the potential of inter professional collaborative practice could be fully realised and many of the barriers alleviated, giving a more successful outcome to the service user.